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Olivine

A synonym of Olivine Group

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Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

6½ - 7

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Known in ancient times and some smaragdus and beryllos (Pliny, 79) may have been what is now called forsterite. (N.B. The "chrysolithas" of Pliny (79) is believed to be topaz.) The earliest name given to an undisputed olivine group species was chrysolit (chrysolite) and was named by Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747, although the name chrysolite was later used by Balthasar Georges Sage in 1777 for what is now known as prehnite. In 1755, Antoine Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville called this species "peridot ordinaire", while Axel Cronstedt named it "gulgron topas" in 1758. In 1772, Romé de L'Isle renamed the mineral "chrysolite ordinaire". Wallerius's chrysolite was renamed olivine in 1789 by Abraham Gottlob Werner for the usual olive green color of this mineral (N.B. chrysolite has a similar etymology.) Friedrich Walchner in 1823 gave it the name "hyalosiderite". The common Mg-dominant member of the group was renamed forsterite by Serve-Dieu Abailard "Armand" Lévy in 1824. Boltonite was introduced in 1835 by Charles Upham Shepard, while glinkit was named in 1847 by Romanovski. Olivine continued to be used, as either a species, a series, or as a group, for over a century afterward.

French name for:

Olivine Group

English synonym of:

Olivine Group

Commonly used as a synonym for a member of the Fayalite-Forsterite Series, but more generally and properly applied to any olivine group member. The vast majority is forsterite.

May contain some PO₄ replacing SiO₄ (Schneider et al., 2013).

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Olivine.

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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2983 (as Olivine)
29264 (as Olivine Group)

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2983:0 (as Olivine)
mindat:1:1:29264:3 (as Olivine Group)

GUID
(UUID V4):

9ac298a2-5411-4d1d-b53c-e91fb44ea6ae (as Olivine)
f3629262-b346-4379-81d1-a431ea2cb49d (as Olivine Group)

Pronunciation of OlivineHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Internet Links for OlivineHide

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References for OlivineHide

Reference List:

Bragg, W.L. and Brown, G.B. (1926) Zeitschrift für Kristallografie: 63: 538.

Hawkes, Herbert Edwin, Jr. (1946) Olivine from northern California showing perfect cleavage: American Mineralogy: 31: 276-283.

Sahama, T.G., and Hytoenen, K. (1958) Calcium-bearing magnesium-iron olivines. American Mineralogist: 43: 862-871.

Olsen, E.J., and Grossman, L. (1974) A scanning electron microscope study of olivine crystal surfaces. Meteoritics: 9: 243-254.

Lager, G.A., and E.P. Meagher (1978), High-temperature structural study of six olivines: American Mineralogy: 63: 365-377.

Brown, G.E. (1982) Olivines and silicate spinels. In P.H. Ribbe, Ed., Orthosilicates, 5, p. 275-381. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.

Beran, A., and Putnis, A. (1983) A model of the OH positions in olivine, derived from infrared-spectroscopic investigations. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 9: 57-60.

Ricoult, D.L., and D.L. Kohlstedt (1985) Experimental evidence for the effect of chemical environment upon the creep rate of olivine. In R.N. Schick, Ed., Point defects Minerals, Geophysical Monograph, 31: 171-184. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.

Miller, G.H., Rossman, G.R., and Harlow, G.E. (1987) The natural occurrence of hydroxide in olivine. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 14: 461-472.

Kitamura, M., Kondoh, S., Morimoto, N., Miller, G.H., Rossman, G.R., and Putnis, A. (1987) Planar OH-bearing defects in mantle olivine. Nature: 328: 143-145.

Karato, S.-I. (1989) Grain growth kinetics in olivine aggregates. Tectonophysics: 168: 255-273.

Kurosawa, M., Yurimoto, H., Matsumoto, K., and Sueno, S. (1992) Hydrogen analysis of mantle olivine by secondary ion mass spectrometry. In Y. Sono and M.H. Manghnani, Eds., High-pressure research: application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, p. 283-287. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.

Bai, Q., and Kohlstedt, D.L. (1993) Effects of chemical environment on the solubility and incorporation mechanism for hydrogen in olivine. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 19: 460-471.

Morishima, H., Kato, T., Suto, M., Ohtani, E., Urakawa, S., Utsumi, W., Shimomura, O., and Kikegawa, T. (1994) The phase boundary between α-and-β Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction. Science: 265: 1202-1203.

Kohlstedt, D.L., Keppler, H., and Rubie, D.C. (1996) Solubility of water in the α, β, and γ phases of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 123: 345-357.

Deer, et al (1997), Vol. 1A: 3-336.

Kurosawa, M., Yurimoto, H., and Sueno, S. (1997) Patterns in the hydrogen and trace element compositions of mantle olivines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 24: 385-395.

Dyar, M.D., Delaney, J.S., Sutton, S.R., and Schaefer, M.W. (1998) Fe 3+ distribution in oxidized olivine: A synchrotron micro-XANES study. American Mineralogist: 83: 1361-1365.

Kohlstedt, D.L., and Mackwell, S.J. (1998) Diffusion of hydrogen and point defects in olivine. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie: 207: 147-162.

Mei, S., and D.L. Kohlstedt (2000a), Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates; 1, Diffusion creep regime: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets: 105(9): 21, 457, 469.

Mei, S., and D.L. Kohlstedt (2000b), Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates; 2, Dislocation creep regime: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets: 105: 21471-21481.

Goodrich, C.A., Fioretti, A.M., Tribaudino, M., and Molin, G.M. (2001) Primary trapped melt inclusions in olivine in the olivine-augite-orthopyroxene ureilites Hughes 009. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 65: 621-652.

Jamtveit, B., Brooker, R., Brooks, K., Larsen, L.M., and Pedersen, T. (2001) The water content of olivines from the North Atlantic Volcanic Province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters: 186(3-4): 401-415.

Khisina, N.R., Wirth, R., Andrut, M., and Ukhanov, A.V. (2001) Extrinsic and intrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in natural olivines: FTIR and TEM investigation. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 98-111.

Kent, A.J.R., and Rossman, G.R. (2002) Hydrogen, lithium and boron in mantle-derived olivine: The role of couple substitutions. American Mineralogist: 87: 1432-1436.

Khisina, N.R., Wirth, R., and Andrut, M. (2002) Forms of occurrence of OH in mantle olivines I. Structural hydroxyl. Geochemistry International (Geokhimya): 40: 332-341.

Bell, D., Rossman, G.R., Maldener J., Endisch, D., and Rauch, F. (2003) Hydroxide in olivine: a quantitative determination of the absolute amount and calibration of the IR spectrum. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(2105), DOI: 10.1029/2001JB000679.

Li, L. (2003) Rheology of olivine at high temperature and high pressure, 137 p., SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY.

Li, L., Raterron, P., Weidner, D., and Chen, J. (2003) Olivine flow mechanisms at 8GPa: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior: 138: 113-129.

Berry, A., Hermann, J., and O'Neill, H. (2004) The water site in mantle olivine. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 68: A36.

Li, L., Weidner, D., Raterron, P., Chen, J., and Vaughan, M. (2004a) Stress measurements of deforming olivine at high pressure: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior: 143-144, 357-367.

Matsyuk, S.S., and Langer, K. (2004) Hydroxyl in olivines from mantle xenoliths in kimberlites from the Siberian platform. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 147: 413-437.

Mosenfelder, J.L., Sharp, T.G., Asimow, P.D., and Rossman, G.R. (2004) Hydrogen in olivines from the Colorado Plateau: implications for water in the mantle and the Alpe Arami controversy. EOS Trans AGU: 85(47), Abstract T32B-07.

Zhao, Y.-H., Ginsberg, S.B., and Kohlstedt, D.L. (2004) Solubility of hydrogen in olivine: dependence on temperature and iron content. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 147: 155-161.

Papike, J.J., Karner, J.M., Shearer, C.K. (2004) Comparative planetary mineralogy: V/(Cr + Al) systematics in chromite as an indicator of relative oxygen fugacity. American Mineralogist, 89 (10) 1557-1560 doi:10.2138/am-2004-1027

Matveev, S., Portnyagin, M., Ballhaus, C., Brooker, R., and Geiger, C.A. (2005) FTIR spectrum of phenocryst olivine as an indicator of silica saturation in magmas. Journal of Petrology: 46: 603-614.

Li, L., Weidner, D., Raterron, P., Chen, J., Vaughn, M., Mei, S., and Durham, W. (2006) Deformation of olivine at mantle pressure using D-DIA: European Journal of Mineralogy 18, 7-19.

Mosenfelder, J.L., Deligne, N.I., Asimow, P.D., and Rossman, G.R. (2006) Hydrogen incorporation in olivine from 2-12 GPa. American Mineralogist: 91: 285-294.

Ejima, T., Akasaka, M., Nagao, T., and Ohfuju, H. (2012) Oxidation state of Fe in olivine in andesitic scoria from Kasayama volcano, Hagi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 107, 215-225.

Schneider, P., Tropper, P., and Kaindl, R. (2013) The formation of phosphoran olivine and stanfieldite from the pyrometamorphic breakdown of apatite in slags from a prehistoric ritual immolation site (Goldbichl, Igls, Tyrol, Austria). Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 327-340.

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