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Arctica
| Description | Arctica or Arctida was an ancient continent which formed approximately 2.565 billion years ago in the Neoarchean era. It was made of Archaean cratons, including the Siberian Craton, with its Anabar/Aldan shields in Siberia, and the Slave, Wyoming, Superior, and North Atlantic cratons in North America. Arctica was named by Rogers 1996 because the Arctic Ocean formed by the separation of the North American and Siberian cratons. Russian geologists writing in English call the continent "Arctida" since it was given that name in 1987, alternatively the Hyperborean craton, in reference to the hyperboreans in Greek mythology. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctica, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Arctica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Arcticidae : Arctica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Arctica Schumacher, 1817 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Schumacher, Chrétien F. 1817. Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenhague.: ; 1-287; pls. i-xxii. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 2 (11%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 247 - 237 Ma Triassic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | facultatively mobile (based on Veneroidei) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind (based on Bivalvia) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | suspension feeder (based on Veneroidei) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | aragonite (based on Bivalvia) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctica |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arctica africana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica banderaensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica calabra ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Arctica comalensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica dubia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica gibbosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica guadalupensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica islandica species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 71 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Arctica limpidiana ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Arctica murrayensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Arctica navicularia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica planata ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 5 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Arctica plummerae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arctica provencialis species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Arctica subanthooensis species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Arctica subtrigonalis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cardita strigillata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyprina calabra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyprina cancriniana ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyprina cordiformis species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Cyprina cuneata ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyprina escheri ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | |
| Cyprina iddingsi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyprina lens ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Cyprina occidentalis ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cyprina planata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyprina praerustica ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Cyprina purae ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | 209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Cyprina scutellaria ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | |
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ciprina Sasso, 1827 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Ciprina |
| Cyprina Lamarck, 1818 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Cyprina |
| Asmidia Mörch, 1853 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Asmidia |
| Nympha | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Nympha |
| Artica Collinge, 1892 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Artica |
| Armida Gistl, 1847 | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Armida |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1817 | Arctica Schumacher |
| 1818 | Cyprina Lamarck |
| 1895 | Cyprina Stanton p. 60 |
| 1956 | Cyprina Cserna p. 16 |
| 1980 | Arctica Vokes p. 156 |
| 2002 | Arctica Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2010 | Arctica Bouchet et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
