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Antilocapra

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Description

The pronghorn (UK: , US: ) (Antilocapra americana) is a species of artiodactyl (even-toed, hoofed) mammal indigenous to interior western and central North America. Though not an antelope, it is often known colloquially in North America as the American antelope, prong buck, pronghorn antelope, prairie antelope, or simply antelope because it closely resembles the true antelopes of the Old World and fills a similar ecological niche due to parallel evolution.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilocapra, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2440901	https://www.gbif.org/species/2440901
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	42721	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42721

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : Antilocapra

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : Antilocapra

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Ungulata
order	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848
-	Ruminantiamorpha	Spaulding et al. 2009
-	Ruminantia
-	Pecora
family	Antilocapridae	Gray 1866
genus	Antilocapra	Ord 1818

Common Name

pronghorn

Scientific Name

Antilocapra Ord, 1818

Name Published In

J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.87 p.149

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Antilocapra	genus	belongs to Antilocapridae	stated without evidence	Ord, 1818
Antilocapra	genus	belongs to Bovina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Antilocapra	genus	belongs to Antilocapridae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Antilocapra	genus	belongs to Antilocapridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Antilocapra	genus	belongs to Antilocapridae	stated without evidence	Hassanin and Douzery, 2003

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser, grazer (based on Antilocapridae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Common Name(s)

Pronghorn

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilocapra

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Antilocapra americana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pronghorn	20	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Antilocapra pacifica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Dicranocerus C.H.Smith, 1827	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : *Dicranocerus*
Dicranoceras Wiegmann, 1838	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : *Dicranoceras*
Antilopecapra Brookes, 1828	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : *Antilopecapra*
Dicranoceros McMurtrie, 1834	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : *Dicranoceros*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1818	Antilocapra Ord
1825	Antilocapra Gray p. 342
1902	Antilocapra Hay p. 686
1904	Antilocapra Matthew p. 104
1935	Antilocapra Schultz and Howard p. 289
1980	Antilocapra Kurten and Anderson p. 325
1988	Antilocapra Carroll
2003	Antilocapra Hassanin and Douzery p. 212
2008	Antilocapra Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Matthew W. D. (1904) A complete skeleton of Merycodus, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 20 7, 101-129

Schultz C. B., Howard E. B. (1935) The fauna of Burnet Cave, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87, 273-298

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hassanin A., Douzery E. J. P. (2003) Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae, Systematic Biology 52 2, 206-228

Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Journ. de Physique, 87 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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