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Sistrurus

Description
Common names: ground rattlesnakes, pygmy rattlesnakes, massasaugas.

Sistrurus is a genus of venomous pit vipers in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The genus is endemic to Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The generic name is a Latinized form of the Greek word for "tail rattler" (危蔚委蟽蟿蟻慰蠀蟻慰蟼, Seistrouros) and shares its root with the ancient Egyptian musical instrument, the sistrum, a type of rattle. Three species are currently recognized.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2444221https://www.gbif.org/species/2444221
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)113770https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=113770
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Sistrurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Crotalidae : Sistrurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaS盲ve-S枚derbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaS盲ve-S枚derbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
superfamilyBooideaGray 1825
-CaenophidiaHoffstetter 1939
superfamilyColubroideaOppel 1811
familyCrotalidae
genusSistrurusGarman 1884
Common Namepigmy rattlesnake
Scientific NameSistrurus Garman, 1884
Name Published InMem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard, 8, no. 3
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Sistrurusgenusbelongs to Crotalinaestated without evidenceParmley and Holman, 2007
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Booidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Booidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)D. Parmley and J. A. Holman. 2007. Earliest Fossil Record of a Pigmy Rattlesnake (Viperidae: Sistrurus Garman). Journal of Herpetology 41(1):141-144
Common Name(s) Massasaugas, Pigmy Rattlesnakes, Pygmy Rattlesnakes, Pigmy Rattlesnake
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistrurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Sistrurus catenatus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sistrurus miliarius
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1883Sistrurus Garman
2007Sistrurus Parmley and Holman p. 141
2010Sistrurus Parmley and Hunter p. 539

References

Parmley D., Holman J. A. (2007) Earliest Fossil Record of a Pigmy Rattlesnake (Viperidae: Sistrurus Garman), Journal of Herpetology 41 1, 141-144
Parmley D., Hunter K. B. (2010) Fossil snakes of the Clarendonian (late Miocene) Pratt Slide local fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid, Journal of Herpetology 44 4, 526-543 doi:10.1670/09-248.1
Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de M茅xico, cambios taxon贸micos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
McDiarmid, Roy W., Jonathan A. Campbell, and T'Shaka A. Tour茅, 1999: null. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. xi + 511. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard, 8, no. 3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Duellman, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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