| Description | Hoplitosaurus (meaning "Hoplite lizard") was a genus of armored dinosaur related to Polacanthus. It was named from a partial skeleton found in the ?Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation of Custer County, South Dakota. It is an obscure genus which has been subject to some misinterpretation of its damaged remains. Although there was a push to synonymize it with Polacanthus in the late 1980s-early 1990s, Hoplitosaurus has been accepted as a valid albeit poorly known genus in more recent reviews.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | genus |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Nodosauridae : Hoplitosaurus |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Nodosauridae : Hoplitosaurus |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
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| Scientific Name | Hoplitosaurus Lucas, 1902 |
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| Name Published In | Science, (N. S.) 16 |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Scelidosauridae | stated without evidence | Lucas, 1902 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Ankylosauridae | stated without evidence | Huene, 1909 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Stegosauridae | stated without evidence | von Zittel, 1911 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Scelidosauridae | stated without evidence | Gilmore, 1914 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated with evidence | Hennig, 1915 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated without evidence | Lull, 1921 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Acanthopholidae | stated without evidence | Huene, 1927 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Ankylosauridae | stated with evidence | Nopsca, 1928 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated with evidence | Nopcsa, 1928 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Ankylosaurinae | stated with evidence | Nopcsa, 1929 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Ankylosauridae | stated without evidence | Maleev, 1956 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | implied | Romer, 1956 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated with evidence | Tatarinov, 1964 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated without evidence | Kuhn, 1964 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | implied | Romer, 1966 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated without evidence | Bodily, 1970 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated with evidence | Coombs, 1978 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated without evidence | Madsen and Miller, 1979 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | implied | Carroll, 1988 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | subjective synonym of Polacanthus | stated without evidence | Pereda-Suberbiola, 1993 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated without evidence | Coombs and Deméré, 1996 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Polacanthinae | stated with evidence | Carpenter and Kirkland, 1998 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | subjective synonym of Polacanthus | stated without evidence | Knoll et al., 1998 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Polacanthidae | stated without evidence | Ford, 2000 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Polacanthinae | stated without evidence | Blows, 2001 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Ankylosauria | stated with evidence | Vickaryous et al., 2004 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Polacanthidae | stated without evidence | Kilbourne and Carpenter, 2005 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Polacanthinae | stated without evidence | Kirkland and Loewen, 2011 | | Hoplitosaurus | genus | belongs to Nodosauridae | stated with evidence | Han et al., 2014 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 129 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 129 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | F. A. Lucas. 1902. Paleontological notes. The generic name Omosaurus. A new generic name for Stegosaurus marshi. Science, new series 16(402):435 |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplitosaurus |
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| Lucas F. A. (1902) Paleontological notes. The generic name Omosaurus. A new generic name for Stegosaurus marshi, Science, new series 16 402, 435 |
| Gilmore C. W. (1914) Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genus Stegosaurus, United States National Museum Bulletin 89, 1-136 |
| Hennig E. (1915) , Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 9: Stegosauria, 1-16 |
| Huene F. v. (1927) Contribución a la paleogeografía de Sud América [Contribution to the paleogeography of South America], Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina 30, 231-294 |
| Nopcsa B. F. (1928) The genera of reptiles, Palaeobiologica 1, 163-188 |
| Nopsca B. F. (1928) Palaeontological notes on reptiles. VI. Scolosaurus cutleri, a new dinosaur, Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 1 1, 54-74 |
| Nopcsa B. F. (1929) Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbürgen V. [Dinosaur remains from Siebenbürgen V], Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 4, 1-72 |
| Maleev E. A. (1956) Pantsyrnye dinosavry verchnego mela Mongolii (Semeustvo Ankylosauridae) [The Upper Cretaceous armored dinosaurs of Mongolia (family Ankylosauridae)], Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiy Nauk SSSR 62, 51-91 |
| Romer A. S. (1956) , Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 1-772 |
| Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589 |
| Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468 |
| Bodily N. M. (1970) An armored dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, Brigham Young University Geology Studies 16 3, 35-60 |
| Coombs W. P. (1978) The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria, Palaeontology 21 1, 143-170 |
| Galton P. M. (1983) Armored dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 182 1-3, 1-25 |
| Russell D. A. (1984) A check list of the families and genera of North American dinosaurs, Syllogeus 53, 1-35 |
| Tumanova T. A. (1987) Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii [The armored dinosaurs of Mongolia], Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32, 1-80 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Coombs, Jr. W. P., Deméré T. A. (1996) A Late Cretaceous nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from marine sediments of coastal California, Journal of Paleontology 70 2, 311-326 |
| Carpenter K., Kirkland J. I. (1998) Review of Lower and middle Cretaceous ankylosaurs from North America, Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems, S. G. Lucas, J. I. Kirkland & J. W. Estep (eds.). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14, 249-270 |
| Ford T. L. (2000) A review of ankylosaur osteoderms from New Mexico and a preliminary review of ankylosaur armor, Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17, 157-176 |
| Pereda Suberbiola X., Galton P. M. (2001) Reappraisal of the nodosaurid ankylosaur Struthiosaurus austriacus Bunzel from the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Beds of Austria, The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 173-210 |
| Vickaryous M. K., Maryanska T., et al (2004) Ankylosauria, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 363-392 |
| Kirkland J. I., Alcalá L., et al (2013) The basal nodosaurid Europelta carbonensis n. gen., n. sp. from the Lower Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Escucha Formation of northeastern Spain, PLoS One 8 12, e80405:1-40 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080405 |
| Han F., Zheng W., et al (2014) A new basal ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China, PLoS ONE 9 8, e104551:1-17 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104551 |
| Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Science, (N. S.) 16 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
Hoplitosaurus ✝
