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Stenonyx âśť

Description

Grallator ["GRA-luh-tor"] is an ichnogenus (form taxon based on footprints) which covers a common type of small, three-toed print made by a variety of bipedal theropod dinosaurs. Grallator-type footprints have been found in formations dating from the Early Triassic through to the early Cretaceous periods. They are found in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Brazil (Sousa and Santa Maria Formations) and China, but are most abundant on the east coast of North America, especially the Triassic and Early Jurassic formations of the northern part of the Newark Supergroup. The name Grallator translates into "stilt walker", although the actual length and form of the trackmaking legs varied by species, usually unidentified. The related term "Grallae" is an ancient name for the presumed group of long-legged wading birds, such as storks and herons. These footprints were given this name by their discoverer, Edward Hitchcock, in 1858.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3238986https://www.gbif.org/species/3238986
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)67047https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=67047
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Anchisauripodidae : Stenonyx
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Anchisauripodidae : Stenonyx
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
familyAnchisauripodidaeLull 1904
genusStenonyxLull 1904
Scientific NameStenonyx Lull, 1904
Name Published InMem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, no. 11
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Grallatoridaestated with evidenceLull, 1904
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Theropodastated without evidenceLull, 1917
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Grallatoridaestated without evidenceLull, 1953
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Coelurosauriastated without evidenceKuhn, 1958
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Anchisauripodidaestated without evidenceKuhn, 1963
Stenonyxgenusbelongs to Anchisauripodidaestated with evidenceHaubold, 1971
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance201 - 199 Ma
Early Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance201 - 199 Ma
Early Jurassic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Theropoda)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Theropoda)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. S. Lull. 1904. Fossil footprints of the Jura-Trias of North America. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 5(11):461-557
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenonyx

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Stenonyx lateralis âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1201 Ma
Early Jurassic
201 Ma
Early Jurassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1865Leptonyx Hitchcock p. 8
1898Leptonyx Hitchcock p. 401
1904Stenonyx Lull p. 498
1915Stenonyx Lull p. 205
1917Stenonyx Lull p. 117
1953Stenonyx Lull p. 159
1958Stenonyx Kuhn p. 22
1963Stenonyx Kuhn p. 79
1969Stenonyx Haubold p. 99
1971Stenonyx Haubold p. 68

References

Lull R. S. (1904) Fossil footprints of the Jura-Trias of North America, Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 5 11, 461-557
Hitchcock E. Supplement to the ichnology of New England, Supplement to the Ichnology of New England. A Report to the Government of Massachusetts in 1863, 1-37
Hitchcock C. H. Recent progress in ichnology, Geology of Old Hampshire County, Massachusetts Comprising Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden Counties. Monographs of the United States Geological Survey 29, 400-406
Lull R. S. (1915) Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley, State of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 24, 1-285
Lull R. S. (1953) Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley (revised), State of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 81, 1-336
Kuhn O. (1958) , Die Fährten der vorzeitlichen Amphibien und Reptilien [The Tracks of Prehistoric Amphibians and Reptiles], 1-64
Kuhn O. (1963) Pars 101. Ichnia Tetrapodorum, In F. Westphal (ed.), Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Ysel Press, Deventer, Netherlands, 1-176
Haubold H. (1969) Die Evolution der Archosaurier in der Trias aus der Sicht ihrer Fährten [The evolution of archosaurs in the Triassic from the perspective of their tracks], Hercynia 6 1, 90-106
Haubold H. (1971) , Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie [Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology]. Part 18. Ichnia Amphibiorum et Reptiliorum Fossilium. Gistav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1-124
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, no. 11 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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