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Praecardiidae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3247483	https://www.gbif.org/species/3247483
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	61898	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=61898

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Praecardiidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cyrtodontida : Praecardiidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Arcioni	Gray 1854
order	Cyrtodontida	Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971
suborder	Praecardiidina
-	Praecardioidei	Newell 1965
superfamily	Praecardioidea	Hoernes 1884
family	Praecardiidae	Hoernes 1884

Scientific Name

Praecardiidae

Name Published In

Hoernes, R. (1884). Elemente der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie). Veit & Co. Leipzig. xvi + p. 1–594.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Praecardiidae	family	belongs to Praecardiacea	stated with evidence	Newell, 1965
Praecardiidae	family	belongs to Praecardioidea	stated with evidence	Kíž, 2007
Praecardiidae	family	belongs to Praecardioidea	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Praecardiidae	family	belongs to Praecardioidea	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

458 - 456 Ma
Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

365 - 359 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian

Motility

facultatively mobile (based on Pteriomorphia)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Pteriomorphia)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. E. Vokes. 1980. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cardiolinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Dexiobiinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Praecardiinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		6	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Buchiola ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		42	427 Ma Silurian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cardiola ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		122	443 Ma Silurian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Fentounia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	433 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Kralovna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Manulicula ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	431 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Mucopraeca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Neklania ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		9	458 Ma Middle Ordovician	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Paracardium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	427 Ma Silurian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Pararca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Praecardium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		33	433 Ma Silurian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Telycardia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Tewoella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Vetupraeca ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Kralowna wallacei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1884	Praecardiidae Hoernes
1894	Pararcidae Ulrich
1965	Praecardiidae Newell p. 17
1979	Neklaniidae Scarlato and Starobogatov
1980	Praecardiidae Vokes p. 8
2007	Praecardiidae Kříž p. 1361
2009	Praecardiidae Nevesskaja
2010	Praecardiidae Bouchet et al.

References

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Newell N. D. (1965) Classification of the Bivalvia, American Museum Novitates 2206, 1-25

Kíž J. (2007) Origin, evolution and classification of the new superorder Nepiomorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Lower Palaeozoic), Palaeontology 50 6, 1341-1365

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Hoernes, R. (1884). Elemente der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie). Veit & Co. Leipzig. xvi + p. 1–594. - via World Register of Marine Species

Carter, J. G.; Altaba, C. R.; Anderson, L. C.; Araujo, R.; Biakov, A. S.; Bogan, A. E.; Campbell, D. C.; Campbell, M.; Jin-hua, C.; Cope, J. C. W.; Delvene, G.; Dijkstra, H. H.; Zong-jie, F.; Gardner, R. N.; Gavrilova, V. A.; Goncharova, I. A.; Harries, P. J.; Hartman, J. H.; Hautmann, M.; Hoeh, W. R.; Hylleberg, J.; Bao-yu, J.; Johnston, P.; Kirkendale, L.; Kleemann, K.; Koppka, J.; Kříž, J.; Machado, D.; Malchus, N.; Márquez-Aliaga, A.; Masse, J.-P.; McRoberts, C. A.; Middelfart, P.U.; Mitchell, S.; Nevesskaja, L. A.; Özer, S.; Pojeta, J. Jr.; Polubotko, I.V.; Pons, J. M.; Popov, S.; Sánchez, T.; Sartori, A. F.; Scott, R. W.; Sey, I. I.; Signorelli, J. H.; Silantiev, V. V.; Skelton, P. W.; Steuber, T.; Waterhouse, J. B.; Wingard, G. L.; Yancey, T. (2011). A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Paleontological Contributions. 4: 1-47. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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