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Simuliidae
| Description | A black fly or blackfly (sometimes called a buffalo gnat, turkey gnat, or white socks) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the Culicomorpha infraorder. They are related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and Thaumaleidae. Over 2,200 species of black flies have been formally named, of which 15 are extinct. They are divided into two subfamilies: Parasimuliinae contains only one genus and four species; Simuliinae contains all the rest. Over 1,800 of the species belong to the genus Simulium. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simuliidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Diptera : Simuliidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | black fly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Simuliidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 15 (38%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 164 - 157 Ma Jurassic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | F. M. Carpenter. 1992. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4:1-655 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Blackflies, Kriebelmuggen, Black Fly, Mouches Noires, Simulies, Black Flies, Buffalo Gnats, Knott | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simuliidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gymnopaidinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Kovalevimyiinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | |
| Simuliinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 19 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Araucnephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Araucnephioides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Archicnephia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Austrosimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Boophthora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bunyipellum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cnephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cnesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Comphostibia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Crozetia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ectemnia genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Eusimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gallipodus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gigantodax genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Greniera genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Gymnopais genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hellichiella genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Helodon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Inaequalium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Inseliellum genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Kovalevimyia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | |
| Levitinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lutzsimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Metacnephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nevermannia genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Paracnephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parasimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paraustrosimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prosimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Protaustrosimulium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Simuilum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Simuliites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Simulimima ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | 164 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Simulium genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Stegopterna genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sulcicnephia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tlalocomyia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Twinnia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ugolyakia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Simuium stonei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Wilhelma mallochi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1834 | Simuliidae Newman p. 387 |
| 1986 | Simuliidae Kalugina p. 124 |
| 1992 | Simuliidae Carpenter |
| 2007 | Simuliidae Yeates et al. |
| 2008 | Simuliidae Bertone et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
