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Toxasteridae
| Description | Toxasteridae is an extinct family of sea urchins. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxasteridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Spatangoida : Toxasteridae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Spatangoida : Toxasteridae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Toxasteridae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 4 (21%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 145 - 140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | marine (based on Spatangoida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | slow-moving (based on Spatangoida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | limited (based on Echinoidea) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | deposit feeder, detritivore (based on Spatangoida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reproduction | dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Spatangoida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontogeny | accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | high Mg calcite (based on Spatangoida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. Lambert. 1920. Etude sur quelques formes primitives de Spatangidés. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l’Yonne 73:1-41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxasteridae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Adytaster ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Aphelaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Douvillaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 9 | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Enallaster genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 16 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Enallopneustes ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Heteraster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 59 | 133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Hypsaster genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Isaster ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Macraster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Miotoxaster genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mokotibaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pliotoxaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Polydesmaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pseudowashitaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Somalechinus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Toxaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 199 | 145 Ma Late Jurassic | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Washitaster ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Enallopneustes meslei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1920 | Toxasteridae Lambert |
| 1966 | Toxasteridae Fischer p. U551 |
| 2010 | Toxasteridae Kroh and Smith p. 173 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
