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Procynosuchidae ✝

Description

Procynosuchidae is an extinct family of therapsids which, along with Dviniidae, were the earliest cynodonts. They appeared around 260 million years ago, and were most abundant during the latest Permian time (251 mya), shortly before the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Despite being the basal member of the cynodont clade, they already showed some of the advanced mammalian characteristics, but Procynosuchids bore resemblance to the Therocephalians.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4817742https://www.gbif.org/species/4817742
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)39170https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39170
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Procynosuchidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Procynosuchidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
familyProcynosuchidaeBroom 1937
Scientific NameProcynosuchidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to Cynodontiastated without evidenceHaughton and Brink, 1954
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to Cynognathoideastated with evidenceHopson and Kitching, 1972
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to Procynosuchiastated without evidenceKemp, 1982
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to ProcynosuchiaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to Cynodontiastated with evidenceBattail and Surkov, 2000
Procynosuchidaefamilybelongs to Procynosuchiastated without evidenceTatarinov, 2008
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)8
First Recorded Appearance265 - 254 Ma
Permian
Last Recorded Appearance252 - 247 Ma
Phanerozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amniota)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procynosuchidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Procynosuchus
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
28265 Ma
Permian
252 Ma
Permian
Sludica
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1265 Ma
Permian
265 Ma
Permian
Uralocynodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1265 Ma
Permian
265 Ma
Permian

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Silphedestidae GBIFfamilyAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Silphedestidae

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1937Procynosuchidae Broom
1954Procynosuchidae Haughton and Brink p. 8
1954Silphedestidae Haughton and Brink p. 8
1972Procynosuchidae Hopson and Kitching
1982Procynosuchidae Kemp p. 349
1988Procynosuchidae Carroll
2000Procynosuchidae Battail and Surkov
2008Procynosuchidae Tatarinov

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Haughton S. H., Brink A. S. (1954) A bibliographical list of Reptilia from the Karroo Beds of South Africa, Palaeontologia Africana 2, 1-187
Hopson J. A., Kitching J. W. (1972) A revised classification of cynodonts (Reptilia; Therapsida), Palaeontologia africana 14, 71-85
Kemp T. S. (1982) , Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals, 1-363
Battail B., Surkov M. V. (2000) Mammal-like reptiles from Russia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 86-119
Tatarinov L. P. (2008) Infraclass Therosauria, Iskopaemye pozvonotchnye Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy, Tchast' 1 [Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries: Fossil reptiles and birds, Part 1], GEOS, Moscow, 184-223
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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