Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Phalarodon ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Phalarodon is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in China, North America, and Spitsbergen.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalarodon, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4818034	https://www.gbif.org/species/4818034
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	36568	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36568

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Mixosauridae : Phalarodon

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauria : Mixosauridae : Phalarodon

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Ichthyosauromorpha	Motani et al. 2015
-	Ichthyosauriformes	Motani et al. 2015
-	Ichthyopterygia
-	Eoichthyosauria	Motani 1999
-	Ichthyosauria
-	Hueneosauria	Maisch and Matzke 2000
family	Mixosauridae	Baur 1887
genus	Phalarodon	Merriam 1910

Scientific Name

Phalarodon Merriam, 1910

Name Published In

Publ. Univ. Calif., Bull. Geol., 5

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Omphalosauridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Mixosauridae	stated with evidence	Maisch and Matzke, 2000
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Phalarodontinae	stated with evidence	Maisch and Matzke, 2001
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Ichthyosauria	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Mixosauridae	stated with evidence	Jiang et al., 2007
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Phalarodontinae	stated with evidence	Maisch, 2010
Phalarodon	genus	belongs to Mixosauridae	stated with evidence	Liu et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

251 - 247 Ma
Early/Lower Triassic

Last Recorded Appearance

247 - 237 Ma
Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Ichthyosauria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ichthyosauria)

Diet

carnivore (based on Ichthyosauria)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Ichthyosauria)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Ichthyosauria)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalarodon

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ichthyosaurus atavus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Ichthyosaurus nordenskioeldii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Mixosaurus callawayi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Phalarodon fraasi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Phalarodon major ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1910	Phalarodon Merriam
1988	Phalarodon Carroll
2000	Phalarodon Maisch and Matzke pp. 62, 95
2000	Phalarodon Sander
2001	Phalarodon Maisch and Matzke p. 442
2002	Phalarodon Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Phalarodon Jiang et al. figs. 1-3
2010	Phalarodon Maisch
2013	Phalarodon Liu et al. figs. 3-9

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Maisch M. W., Matzke A. T. (2000) The Ichthyosauria, Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298, 1-159

Sander P. M. (2000) Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution and phylogeny, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 74 1/2, 1-35

Maisch M. W., Matzke A. T. (2001) Observations on Triassic ichthyosaurs. Part VIII. A redescription of Phalarodon major (von Huene, 1916) and the composition and phylogeny of the Mixosauridae, Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 220 3, 431-447

Jiang D.-Y., Schmitz L., et al (2007) The mixosaurid ichthyosaur Phalarodon cf. P. Fraasi from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, China, Journal of Paleontology 81 3, 602-605

Maisch M. W. (2010) Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art, Palaeodiversity 3, 151-214

Liu J., Motani R., et al (2013) The first specimen of the Middle Triassic Pharalodon atavus (Ichthyosauria: Mixosauridae) from South China, showing postcranial anatomy and peri-Tethyan distribution, Palaeontology doi:10.1111/pala.12021

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Publ. Univ. Calif., Bull. Geol., 5 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 3, 2024 03:26:44

Go to top of page