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Mesenosaurus ✝

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Description

Mesenosaurus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids. It belongs to the family Varanopseidae (also known as Varanopidae). This peylcosaurian (paraphyletic group of non-therapsid synapsids) family has the longest fossil record and the widest geographical distribution.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenosaurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4819442	https://www.gbif.org/species/4819442
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37777	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37777

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Varanopidae : Mesenosaurus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Varanopidae : Mesenosaurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
suborder	Eupelycosauria	Kemp 1982
family	Varanopidae
-	Neovaranopsia	Spindler et al. 2018
subfamily	Mesenosaurinae	Spindler et al. 2018
genus	Mesenosaurus	Efremov 1938

Scientific Name

Mesenosaurus Efremov, 1938

Name Published In

C. R. Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S., (N. S.) 19

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Mesenosaurus	genus	belongs to Millerosauria	stated with evidence	Watson, 1957
Mesenosaurus	genus	belongs to Mesenosauridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Mesenosaurus	genus	belongs to Mycterosaurinae	stated with evidence	Modesto et al., 2001
Mesenosaurus	genus	belongs to Varanopidae	stated without evidence	Ivakhnenko, 2008
Mesenosaurus	genus	belongs to Mesenosaurinae	stated with evidence	Spindler et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

273 - 265 Ma
Permian

Last Recorded Appearance

273 - 265 Ma
Permian

Environment

terrestrial (based on Amniota)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenosaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Mesenosaurus romeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	273 Ma Permian	273 Ma Permian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1938	Mesenosaurus Efremov
1957	Mesenosaurus Watson p. 394 fig. 23
1988	Mesenosaurus Carroll
2001	Mesenosaurus Modesto et al. p. 256 fig. 7
2006	Mesenosaurus Maddin et al. p. 964
2008	Mesenosaurus Ivakhnenko p. 96
2018	Mesenosaurus Spindler et al.
2019	Mesenosaurus Maho et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Watson D. M. S. (1957) On Millerosaurus and the Early History of the Sauropsid Reptiles, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 240, 325-400

Modesto S. P., Sidor C. A., et al (2001) A second varanopseid skull from the Upper Permian of South Africa: implications for Late Permian ‘pelycosaur’ evolution, Lethaia 34 4, 249-259 doi:10.1080/002411601753292971

Maddin H. C., Evans D. C., et al (2006) An Early Permian varanodontine varanopid (Synapsida: Eupelycosauria) from the Richards Spur locality, Oklahoma, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 4, 957-966 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[957:aepvvs]2.0.co;2

Ivakhnenko M. F. (2008) Podklass Ophiacomorpha, Iskopaemye pozvonotchnye Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: Iskopaemye reptilii i ptitsy, Tchast' 1 [Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries: Fossil reptiles and birds, Part 1], GEOS, Moscow, 95-100

Spindler F., Werneburg R., et al (2018) First arboreal ’pelycosaurs’ (Synapsida: Varanopidae) from the early Permian Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstätte, SE Germany, with a review of varanopid phylogen, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 92, 315-364

C. R. Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S., (N. S.) 19 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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