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Libonectes

Description

Libonectes (meaning "southwest swimmer") is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile belonging to the plesiosaur order. It is known from specimens found in the Britton Formation of Texas (USA) and the Akrabou Formation of Morocco, which have been dated to the lower Turonian stage of the late Cretaceous period.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4823577https://www.gbif.org/species/4823577
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)100108https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=100108
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Elasmosauridae : Libonectes
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Elasmosauridae : Libonectes
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
orderSauropterygiaOwen 1861
-Pistosauria
-Plesiosauria
superfamilyPlesiosauroideaWelles 1943
-CryptoclidiaKetchum and Benson 2010
-XenopsariaBenson and Druckenmiller 2014
familyElasmosauridaeCope 1869
genusLibonectesCarpenter 1997
Common Namesouthwest diver
Scientific NameLibonectes Carpenter, 1997
Name Published InAncient marine reptiles. Academic Press San Diego, London etc
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Libonectesgenusbelongs to Elasmosauridaestated without evidenceCarpenter, 1997
Libonectesgenusbelongs to Elasmosauridaestated with evidenceCarpenter, 1999
Libonectesgenusbelongs to Elasmosauridaestated without evidenceBuchy, 2005
Libonectesgenusbelongs to Elasmosauridaestated with evidenceKetchum and Benson, 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance99.6 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Plesiosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Plesiosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Plesiosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Plesiosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)K. Carpenter. 1997. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. In J. M. Callaway & E. L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, New York
Common Name(s) Southwest Diver
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libonectes

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Elasmosaurus morgani
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
299.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Libonectes atlasense
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1997Libonectes Carpenter p. 214
1999Libonectes Carpenter p. 168 fig. 15
2001Libonectes O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2005Libonectes Buchy p. 6
2010Libonectes Ketchum and Benson p. 15
2013Libonectes Hampe fig. 9
2014Libonectes Benson and Druckenmiller figs. 2-3

References

Carpenter K. (1997) Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs, In J. M. Callaway & E. L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, New York, 191-216
Carpenter K. (1999) Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior, Paludicola 2 2, 148-173
O'Keefe F. R. (2001) A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia), Acta Zoologica Fennica 213, 1-63
Buchy M.-C. (2005) An elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Morocco, Carolinea 63, 5-28
Ketchum H. F., Benson R. B. J. (2010) Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses, Biological Reviews 85, 361-392 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x
Hampe O. (2013) The forgotten remains of a leptocleidid plesiosaur (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gronau (Münsterland, Westphalia, Germany), Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 87, 473-491 doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0175-3
Benson R. B. J., Druckenmiller P. S. (2014) Faunal turnover of marine tetrapods during the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition, Biological Reviews 89 1, 1-23 doi:10.1111/brv.12038
GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Ancient marine reptiles. Academic Press San Diego, London etc - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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