Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography
BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Spalacotheriidae ✝

Description

Spalacotheriidae is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the group Symmetrodonta. They were a rather successful lineage, lasting from the Early Cretaceous to Campanian in North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa. The lack of a Meckelian groove indicate that they had a modern ear anatomy, and their deciduous canines and premolars as well as long lower jaw indicate a carnivorous/insectivorous diet.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4825799https://www.gbif.org/species/4825799
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)39869https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39869
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Spalacotheriidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
-Theriamorpha
-Theriiformes
-TrechnotheriaMcKenna 1975
familySpalacotheriidaeMarsh 1887
Scientific NameSpalacotheriidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceMarsh, 1887
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Polyprotodontiastated without evidenceFlower and Lydekker, 1891
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Marsupialiastated without evidenceLydekker, 1894
Spalacotheriidaesubfamilybelongs to Triconodontidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Symmetrodontastated without evidenceSimpson, 1925
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Symmetrodontastated with evidenceClemens, 1963
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Symmetrodontastated without evidenceClemens and Lees, 1971
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to SymmetrodontaimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Symmetrodontastated without evidenceCifelli and Madsen, 1999
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Spalacotherioideastated without evidenceAverianov, 2002
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Trechnotheriastated without evidenceKielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Symmetrodontastated with evidenceArchibald and Averianov, 2005
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Spalacotherioideastated with evidenceLi and Luo, 2006
Spalacotheriidaefamilybelongs to Trechnotheriastated with evidenceGao et al., 2010
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)39
First Recorded Appearance157 - 145 Ma
Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Mammalia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalacotheriidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Spalacolestinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)41136 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Akidolestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1129 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
129 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Heishanlestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Infernolestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1145 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Microderson
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1145 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Peralestes
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Shalbaatar
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
293.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spalacolestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
7105 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
105 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Spalacotheridium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
10105 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spalacotherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
13145 Ma
Late Jurassic
130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Spalacotheroides
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Symmetrodontoides
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1593.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Symmetrolestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Yaverlestes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3129 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
129 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1887Spalacotheriidae Marsh
1891Spalacotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1894Spalacotheriidae Lydekker p. 275
1902Spalacotheriinae Hay p. 567
1925Spalacotheriidae Simpson p. 569
1928Spalacotheriidae Simpson p. 98
1929Spalacotheriidae Simpson p. 38
1963Spalacotheriidae Clemens
1971Spalacotheriidae Clemens and Lees p. 124
YearName and Author
1979Spalacotheriidae Cassiliano and Clemens p. 151
1997Spalacotheriidae McKenna and Bell
1999Spalacotheriidae Cifelli and Madsen p. 173
2002Spalacotheriidae Averianov p. 714
2004Spalacotheriidae Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 345, 366
2005Spalacotheriidae Archibald and Averianov
2006Spalacotheriidae Li and Luo p. 195
2010Spalacotheriidae Gao et al.
2014Spalacotheriidae Cifelli et al. fig. 7

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Lydekker R. , A Hand-Book to the Marsupialia and Monotremata, 1-302
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Simpson G. G. (1928) , A Catalogue of the Mesozoic Mammalia in the Geological Department of the British Museum, 1-215
Simpson G. G. (1929) American Mesozoic Mammalia, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Yale University 3 1, 1-171
Clemens W. A. (1963) Late Jurassic mammalian fossils in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, Palaeontology 6 2, 373-377
Clemens W. A., Lees P. M. (1971) A review of English Early Cretaceous mammals, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 50 suppl. 1, 117-130
Cifelli R. L., Madsen S. K. (1999) Spalacotheriid symmetrodonts (Mammalia) from the medial Cretaceous (upper Albian or lower Cenomanian) Mussentuchit local fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA, Geodiversitas 21 2, 167-214
Averianov A. O. (2002) Early Cretaceous “symmetrodont” mammal Gobiotheriodon from Mongolia and the classification of “Symmetrodonta, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 4, 705-716
Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Cifelli R. L., et al (2004) Mammals from the age of dinosaurs: Origins, evolution, and structure, Columbia University Press, New York, 1-630
Archibald J. D., Averianov A. O. (2005) Mammalian faunal succession in the Cretaceous of the Kyzylkum Desert, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12 1-2, 9-22 doi:10.1007/s10914-005-4867-3
Li G., Luo Z.-X. (2006) A Cretaceous symmetrodont therian with some monotreme-like postcranial features, Nature 439, 195-200
Gao C. -L., Wilson G. P., et al (2010) A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 277, 237-246 doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014
Cifelli R. L., Davis B. M., et al (2014) Earliest Cretaceous mammals from the western United States, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 1, 31-52 doi:10.4202/app.2012.0089
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
and/or  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 2, 2024 21:38:53
Go to top of page