Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Spalacotheroides ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4825807	https://www.gbif.org/species/4825807
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39872	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39872

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Spalacotheriidae : Spalacotheroides

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
family	Spalacotheriidae	Marsh 1887
subfamily	Spalacolestinae	Cifelli and Madsen 1999
genus	Spalacotheroides	Patterson 1955

Scientific Name

Spalacotheroides Patterson, 1955

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacotheriidae	stated without evidence	Patterson, 1955
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacotheriida	stated without evidence	Prothero, 1981
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacotheriidae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacolestinae	stated without evidence	Cifelli and Madsen, 1999
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacotheriidae	stated with evidence	Li and Luo, 2006
Spalacotheroides	genus	belongs to Spalacolestinae	stated with evidence	Han and Meng, 2016

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Mammaliaformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

B. Patterson. 1955. A symmetrodont from the Early Cretaceous of northern Texas. Fieldiana: Zoology 37:689-693

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Spalacotheroides bridwelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1955	Spalacotheroides Patterson
1956	Spalacotheroides Patterson p. 10
1979	Spalacotheroides Cassiliano and Clemens p. 151
1981	Spalacotheroides Prothero p. 320
1997	Spalacotheroides McKenna and Bell
1999	Spalacotheroides Cifelli and Madsen pp. 174-179
2002	Spalacotheroides Averianov p. 714
2004	Spalacotheroides Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 345, 369-370 fig. 9.10E
2006	Spalacotheroides Li and Luo p. 197
2016	Spalacotheroides Han and Meng

References

Patterson B. (1955) A symmetrodont from the Early Cretaceous of northern Texas, Fieldiana: Zoology 37, 689-693

Prothero D. R. (1981) New Jurassic mammals from Como Bluff, Wyoming, and the interrelationships of non-tribosphenic Theria, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167 5, 277-326

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Cifelli R. L., Madsen S. K. (1999) Spalacotheriid symmetrodonts (Mammalia) from the medial Cretaceous (upper Albian or lower Cenomanian) Mussentuchit local fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA, Geodiversitas 21 2, 167-214

Averianov A. O. (2002) Early Cretaceous “symmetrodont” mammal Gobiotheriodon from Mongolia and the classification of “Symmetrodonta, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 4, 705-716

Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Cifelli R. L., et al (2004) Mammals from the age of dinosaurs: Origins, evolution, and structure, Columbia University Press, New York, 1-630

Li G., Luo Z.-X. (2006) A Cretaceous symmetrodont therian with some monotreme-like postcranial features, Nature 439, 195-200

Han G., Meng J. (2016) A new spalacolestine mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and implications for the morphology, phylogeny, and palaeobiology of Laurasian ‘symmetrodontans’, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178, 343-380

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 2, 2024 16:30:53

Go to top of page