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Tomarctus ✝

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Description

Tomarctus is a canid genus of the extinct subfamily Borophaginae which inhabited most of North America during the late Early Miocene to the Early Barstovian age of the Middle Miocene (23—16 million years ago). Tomarctus existed for approximately 6.83 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomarctus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833456	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833456
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41244	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41244

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Tomarctus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
superfamily	Canoidea	Simpson 1931
family	Canidae	Fischer 1817
subfamily	Borophaginae	Simpson 1945
tribe	Borophagini	Simpson 1945
genus	Tomarctus	Cope 1873

Scientific Name

Tomarctus Cope, 1873

Name Published In

Palaeont. Bull., No. 16

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tephrocyon	genus	belongs to Canidae	stated without evidence	Merriam, 1906
Tephrocyon	genus	subjective synonym of Tomarctus	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1924
Tephrocyon	genus	belongs to Canidae	stated without evidence	Munthe, 1998
Tephrocyon	genus	belongs to Borophagini	stated with evidence	Wang et al., 1999

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore, omnivore (based on Canidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. C. Merriam. 1906. Carnivora From the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region. University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5(1):1-64

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomarctus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Tephrocyon hippophagus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Canis rurestris ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Tephrocyon scitulus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Tomarctus brevirostris ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Tephrocyon Merriam, 1910	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Tephrocyon*
Tomartus	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Tomartus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1906	Tephrocyon Merriam
1998	Tephrocyon Munthe
1999	Tephrocyon Wang et al. p. 154

References

Merriam J. C. (1906) Carnivora From the Tertiary Formations of the John Day Region, University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geology 5 1, 1-64

Munthe K. (1998) Canidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 124-143

Wang X., Tedford R. H., et al (1999) Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243, 1-392

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Palaeont. Bull., No. 16 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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