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Tetravirga ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4877383	https://www.gbif.org/species/4877383
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31284	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31284

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Elasipodida : Tetravirga

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Tetravirga

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
class	Holothuroidea
genus	Tetravirga	Frizzell & Exline 1955

Scientific Name

Tetravirga Frizzell & Exline, 1955

Name Published In

Bull. Univ. Mo. Mines Met., 89

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Stichopitidae	stated without evidence	Frizzell and Exline, 1955
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Aspidochirotida	stated without evidence	Pawson, 1966
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Stichopitidae	stated without evidence	Frizzell and Exline, 1966
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Stichopitidae	implied	Wernlund, 1977
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Stichopitidae	stated without evidence	Mostler, 1980
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Holothuroidea	stated without evidence	Broglio Loriga et al., 1999
Tetravirga	genus	belongs to Elasipodida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Tetravirga	genus	misspelling of Tetravirga	stated with evidence	Villier, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

359 - 323 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

212 - 206 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Holothuroidea)

Vision

blind (based on Holothuroidea)

Diet

detritivore (based on Holothuroidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Echinodermata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

D. L. Frizzell and H. Exline. 1955. Monograph of fossil holothurian sclerites. Bulletin of the Missouri University School of Metallurgy and Mines, Technical series 89:1-204

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Tetravirga etheridgei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tetravirga fordelensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tetravirga gracilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Tetravirga imperforata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Tetravirga perforata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Tetravriga Frizzell & Exline, 1955	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Elasipodida : *Tetravriga*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1955	Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline
1962	Tetravirga Deflandre-Rigaud p. 43
1966	Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline p. U663
1966	Tetravirga Pawson p. U645
1968	Tetravirga Mostler p. 432
1971	Tetravirga Kozur and Mostler p. 27

Year	Name and Author
1971	Tetravirga Mostler p. 6
1976	Tetravirga Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd p. 5
1977	Tetravirga Wernlund p. 80
1980	Tetravirga Mostler p. 337
1999	Tetravriga Broglio Loriga et al. p. 62
2002	Tetravirga Sepkoski, Jr.

References

Frizzell D. L., Exline H. (1955) Monograph of fossil holothurian sclerites, Bulletin of the Missouri University School of Metallurgy and Mines, Technical series 89, 1-204

Deflandre-Rigaud M. (1962) Contribution à la connaissance des sclérites d'holothurides fossiles, Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série C 11, 1-123

Frizzell D. L., Exline H. (1966) Holothuroidea - Fossil Record, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U646-U672

Pawson D. L. (1966) Phylogeny and evolution of holothuroids, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata 3. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press 2, U641-U646

Mostler H. (1968) Neue Holothurien-Sklerite aus norischen Hallstätter Kalken (Nördliche Kalkalpen), Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 56, 427-441

Kozur H., Mostler H. (1971) Holothurien-Sklerite und Conodonten aus der Mittel- und Obertrias von Köveskál (Balatonhochland, Ungarn), Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 1 10, 1-36

Mostler H. (1971) Mikrofaunen aus dem UnterKarbon vom Hindukusch, GeologischPaläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 1 12, 1-19

Mostler H., Rahimi-Yazd A. (1976) Neue Holothuriensklerite aus dem Oberperm von Julfa in Nordiran, Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 5, 1-35

Wernlund R. J. (1977) , Biostratigraphy and paleocology of Holothurian sclerites from the Pinery Member, Bell Canyon Formation (Permian) of the Delaware Basin of West Texas. Master thesis, Geosciences Faculty of Texas Tech University, 1-122

Mostler H. (1980) Ein Beitrag zur mitteltriadischen Mikrofauna von Recoaro und Tretto (Vincentin, Italien), Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 9 9, 321-351

Broglio Loriga C., Cirilli S., et al (1999) The Prati di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen Section (Dolomites, Italy): a candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Carnian stage., Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 105 1, 37-78

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bull. Univ. Mo. Mines Met., 89 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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