| Description | Ankylosaurus is a genus of armored dinosaur. Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs. It was named by Barnum Brown in 1908; the only species in the genus is A. magniventris. The genus name means "fused lizard", and the specific name means "great belly". A handful of specimens have been excavated to date, but a complete skeleton has not been discovered. Though other members of Ankylosauria are represented by more extensive fossil material, Ankylosaurus is often considered the archetypal member of its group, despite having some unusual features.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | species |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ankylosauridae : Ankylosaurus : Ankylosaurus magniventris |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ankylosauridae : Ankylosaurus : Ankylosaurus magniventris |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Generic Name | Ankylosaurus |
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| Scientific Name | Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908 |
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| Name Published In | Brown, Barnum. 1908. The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 187-201. |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Abel, 1908 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | implied | Sternberg, 1909 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Brown, 1914 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated with evidence | Hennig, 1915 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Parks, 1924 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated with evidence | Tatarinov, 1964 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Kuhn, 1964 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated with evidence | Coombs, 1978 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Coombs, 1978 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated with evidence | Vickaryous et al., 2004 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated without evidence | Carpenter, 2004 | | Ankylosaurus magniventris | species | belongs to Ankylosaurus | stated with evidence | Arbour and Mallon, 2017 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 72.1 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | B. Brown. 1908. The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24(12):187-201 |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosaurus_magniventris |
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| Brown B. (1908) The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24 12, 187-201 |
| Sternberg C. H. (1909) An armored dinosaur from the Kansas Chalk, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 22, 257-259 |
| Brown B. (1914) Cretaceous Eocene correlation in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, Alberta, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 25, 355-380 |
| Hennig E. (1915) , Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 9: Stegosauria, 1-16 |
| Parks W. A. (1924) Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus, a new genus and species of armoured dinosaur; and notes on a skeleton of Prosaurolophus maximus, University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series 18, 1-35 |
| Huene F. v. (1927) Contribución a la paleogeografía de Sud América [Contribution to the paleogeography of South America], Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina 30, 231-294 |
| Russell L. S. (1933) The Cretaceous-Tertiary transition of Alberta, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, series 3 26 4, 121-156 |
| Bohlin B. (1953) VI. Vertebrate Palaeontology 6. Fossil reptiles from Mongolia and Kansu, Reports from the Scientific Expedition to the North-western Provinces of China under Leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The Sino-Swedish Expedition Publication 37, 1-113 |
| Maleev E. A. (1954) Pantsyrnye dinosavry verchnego mela Mongolii (Semeustvo Syrmosauridae) [The Upper Cretaceous armored dinosaurs of Mongolia (family Syrmosauridae)], Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiy Nauk SSSR 48, 142-170 |
| Maleev E. A. (1956) Pantsyrnye dinosavry verchnego mela Mongolii (Semeustvo Ankylosauridae) [The Upper Cretaceous armored dinosaurs of Mongolia (family Ankylosauridae)], Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiy Nauk SSSR 62, 51-91 |
| Russell L. S. (1964) Cretaceous non-marine faunas of northwestern North America, Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 61, 1-24 |
| Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589 |
| Simmons D. J. (1965) The non-therapsid reptiles of the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan, China, Fieldiana: Geology 15 1, 1-93 |
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| Coombs W. P. (1978) The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria, Palaeontology 21 1, 143-170 |
| Molnar R. E. (1980) An ankylosaur (Ornithischia, Reptilia) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Queensland, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20 1, 77-87 |
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| Molnar R. E., Wiffen J. (1994) A Late Cretaceous polar dinosaur fauna from New Zealand, Cretaceous Research 15, 689-706 |
| Coombs, Jr. W. P., Deméré T. A. (1996) A Late Cretaceous nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from marine sediments of coastal California, Journal of Paleontology 70 2, 311-326 |
| Ford T. L. (2000) A review of ankylosaur osteoderms from New Mexico and a preliminary review of ankylosaur armor, Dinosaurs of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17, 157-176 |
| Eberth D. A., Currie P. J., et al (2001) Alberta's dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian), In C. L. Hill (ed), Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 61st Annual Meeting, Bozeman. Guidebook for the Field Trips: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains, Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3, 49-75 |
| Garcia G., Pereda-Suberbiola X. (2003) A new species of Struthiosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Villeveyrac (southern France), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 1, 156-165 |
| Carpenter K. (2004) Redescription of Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 (Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, 961-986 |
| Vickaryous M. K., Maryanska T., et al (2004) Ankylosauria, The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley, 363-392 |
| Lü J., Ji Q., et al (2007) A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Crichtonsaurus (Ankylosauridae: Ankylosauria) from the Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China, Acta Geologica Sinica 81 6, 883-897 |
| Lü J., Jin X., et al (2007) New nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China, Acta Geologica Sinica 81 3, 344-350 |
| Burns M. E. (2008) Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 4, 1102-1109 doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102 |
| Butler R. J., Upchurch P., et al (2008) The phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 1, 1-40 doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271 |
| Longrich N. (2008) Small theropod teeth from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA, Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography, 135-158 |
| Burns M. E., Sullivan R. M. (2011) A new ankylosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, with comments on the diversity of ankylosaurids in New Mexico, Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 53, 169-178 |
| Jasinski S. E., Sullivan R. M., et al (2011) Taxonomic composition of the Alamo Wash local fauna from the Upper Cretacoues Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 53, 216-271 |
| Kirkland J. I., Alcalá L., et al (2013) The basal nodosaurid Europelta carbonensis n. gen., n. sp. from the Lower Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Escucha Formation of northeastern Spain, PLoS One 8 12, e80405:1-40 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080405 |
| Leahey L. G., Salisbury S. W. (2013) First evidence of ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophera) from the mid-Cretaceous (late Albian-Cenomanian) Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia, Alcheringa 37 2, 249-257 doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.743703 |
| Arbour V. M., Burns M. E., et al (2014) A new ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Kirtlandian) of New Mexico with implications for ankylosaurid diversity in the Upper Cretaceous of western North America, PLoS ONE 9 9, e108804:1-14 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108804 |
| Arbour V. M., Currie P. J., et al (2014) The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 3, 631-652 doi:10.1111/zoj.12185 |
| Han F., Zheng W., et al (2014) A new basal ankylosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China, PLoS ONE 9 8, e104551:1-17 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104551 |
| Arbour V. M., Mallon J. C. (2017) Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris, Facets 2 2, 764-794 doi:10.1139/facets-2017-0063 |
| B. Brown (1908) The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12: 187--201 - via Catalogue of Life |
| M. K. Vickaryous, T. Maryanska, D. B. Weishampel (2004) Ankylosauria: The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 363--392 - via Catalogue of Life |
Ankylosaurus magniventris ✝
