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Triceratops horridus ✝

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Triceratops horridus

Triceratops horridus

Triceratops horridus

Description

Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. The name Triceratops, which literally means "three-horned face", is derived from the Ancient Greek words τρί- (tri-) meaning "three", κέρας (kéras) meaning "horn", and ὤψ (ōps) meaning "face".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops_horridus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4965814	https://www.gbif.org/species/4965814
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	63759	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63759

Rank

species

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : Triceratops horridus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : Triceratops horridus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Ornithischia
-	Neornithischia
-	Clypeodonta	Norman 2014
-	Cerapoda	Sereno 1986
-	Marginocephalia	Sereno 1986
-	Ceratopsia
infraorder	Neoceratopsia	Sereno 1986
-	Coronosauria	Sereno 1986
superfamily	Ceratopsoidea	Hay 1902
family	Ceratopsidae	Marsh 1888
subfamily	Chasmosaurinae	Lambe 1915
-	Triceratopsini	Longrich 2011
genus	Triceratops	Marsh 1889
species	Triceratops horridus	Marsh 1889

Generic Name

Triceratops

Scientific Name

Triceratops horridus (Marsh, 1889)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Ceratops	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1889
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1889
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1896
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Kuhn, 1964
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Ostrom and Wellnhofer, 1986
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Tokaryk, 1986
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Dodson and Currie, 1990
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Ostrom and Wellnhofer, 1990
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Dodson et al., 2004
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Chinnery, 2004
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	implied	Goodwin and Horner, 2010
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Scannella and Horner, 2010
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Farke, 2011
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated with evidence	Longrich and Field, 2012
Triceratops horridus	species	belongs to Triceratops	stated without evidence	Longrich, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ceratopsia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Ceratopsia)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. C. Marsh. 1889. Notice of gigantic horned Dinosauria from the Cretaceous. American Journal of Science 38:173-175

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops_horridus

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Triceratops calicornis Marsh, 1898	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops calicornis*
Triceratops brevicornus Hatcher & Lull, 1905	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops brevicornus*
Triceratops brevirostris Hatcher & Lull, 1905	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops brevirostris*
Triceratops obtusus Marsh, 1898	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops obtusus*
Ceratops horridus (Marsh, 1889)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Ceratops horridus*
Triceratops elatus Marsh, 1891	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops elatus*
Triceratops albertensis Sternberg, 1949	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops albertensis*
Triceratops brevicornis Hatcher & Lull, 1905	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops brevicornis*
Diceratops hatcheri (Lull, 1905)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Diceratops hatcheri*
Triceratops eurycephalus Schlaikjer, 1935	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops eurycephalus*
Triceratops californis Marsh, 1898	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops californis*
Triceratops hatcheri (Lull, 1905)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Triceratops hatcheri*
Nedoceratops hatcheri (Lull, 1905)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Nedoceratops hatcheri*
Diceratus hatcheri (Lull, 1905)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Ceratopsidae : Triceratops : *Diceratus hatcheri*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1889	Ceratops horridus Marsh pp. 173-174
1889	Triceratops horridus Marsh p. 173
1889	Triceratops flabellatus Marsh p. 174
1889	Ceratops horridus Marsh pp. 334-335
1890	Triceratops serratus Marsh p. 81
1890	Triceratops flabellatus Zittel p. 738
1890	Triceratops horridus Zittel p. 752
1890	Triceratops serratus Zittel p. 752
1891	Triceratops flabellatus Boule p. 16
1891	Triceratops elatus Marsh p. 265
1891	Sterrholophus flabellatus Marsh p. 340
1893	Triceratops flabellatus Winkler p. 109
1896	Sterrholophus flabellatus Marsh figs. Pl. 76:1
1896	Triceratops serratus Marsh figs. Pl. 77:4
1896	Triceratops horridus Marsh p. 208
1898	Triceratops flabellatus Gegenbaur p. 394
1898	Triceratops calicornis Marsh
1898	Triceratops obtusus Marsh
1898	Triceratops calicornis Marsh p. 92
1898	Triceratops obtusus Marsh p. 92
1898	Sterrholophus flabellatus Woodward p. 215
1900	Triceratops californis Walcott p. 23
1900	Triceratops obtusa Walcott p. 23
1901	Triceratops flabellatus Gadow p. 430
1902	Triceratops calicornis Hay p. 498
1902	Triceratops elatus Hay p. 498
1902	Triceratops horridus Hay p. 498
1902	Sterrholophus flabellatus Hay p. 499
1902	Triceratops obtusus Hay p. 499
1902	Triceratops serratus Hay p. 499
1902	Triceratops serratus Lambe p. 69
1902	Triceratops flabellatus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxxv
1902	Triceratops horridus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxxv
1902	Triceratops serratus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxxv
1903	Triceratops serratus Lull p. 685
1905	Triceratops brevicornus Hatcher and Lull pp. 413-416 figs. Pl. 12
1905	Diceratops hatcheri Hatcher and Lull p. 417
1905	Diceratops hatcheri Lull pp. 417-419 figs. Pl. 13
1907	Triceratops brevicornus Brown p. 842
1907	Triceratops serratus Brown p. 842
1907	Diceratops hatcheri Hatcher et al. p. 149
1907	Triceratops brevicornus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops calicornis Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops elatus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops flabellatus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops horridus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops obtusus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1907	Triceratops serratus Hatcher et al. p. 168
1909	Triceratops horridus Knowlton p. 202
1910	Diceratops hatcheri Lull p. 772
1910	Triceratops brevicornus Lull p. 775
1910	Triceratops elatus Lull p. 775
1911	Triceratops flabellatus von Zittel p. 295 fig. 445
1911	Triceratops serratus von Zittel p. 296 fig. 446
1913	Triceratops flabellatus Tornier p. 375
1914	Triceratops brevicornus Brown p. 358
1914	Triceratops serratus Brown p. 358
1914	Triceratops horridus Brown p. 543
1914	Triceratops horridus Huene p. 583
1914	Triceratops flabellatus Huene p. 584
1914	Triceratops serratus Huene p. 584
1915	Triceratops elatus Lambe p. 24
1915	Triceratops flabellatus Lambe pp. 30, 36
1920	Diceratops hatcheri Pompeckj p. 114
1920	Triceratops calicornis Pompeckj p. 114
1920	Triceratops elatus Pompeckj p. 114
1920	Triceratops flabellatus Pompeckj p. 114
1920	Triceratops serratus Pompeckj p. 114
1925	Diceratops hatcheri Parks p. 5
1925	Triceratops brevicornis Parks p. 5
1925	Triceratops elatus Parks p. 5
1925	Triceratops flabellatus Parks p. 5
1925	Triceratops serratus Parks p. 5
1925	Triceratops calicornis Parks p. 7
1927	Diceratops hatcheri Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops brevicornis Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops calicornis Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops elatus Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops flabellatus Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops horridus Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops obtusus Huene p. 261
1927	Triceratops serratus Huene p. 261
1930	Triceratops brevicornus Arldt p. 702
1930	Triceratops elatus Arldt p. 702
1930	Triceratops hatcheri Arldt p. 702
1930	Diceratops hatcheri Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops brevicornus Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops calicornis Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops elatus Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops flabellatus Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops horridus Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops obtusus Russell p. 140
1930	Triceratops serratus Russell p. 140
1931	Triceratops elatus Huene p. 197
1931	Triceratops horridus Johnson p. 374
1933	Triceratops brevicornus Lull p. 119
1933	Triceratops serratus Lull p. 120
1933	Triceratops flabellatus Lull p. 121
1933	Triceratops elatus Lull p. 122
1933	Triceratops calicornis Lull p. 123
1933	Triceratops obtusus Lull p. 125
1933	Triceratops hatcheri Lull pp. 126-128
1934	Sterrholophus flabellatus Swinton p. 46
1935	Triceratops eurycephalus Schlaikjer p. 55
1935	Triceratops serratus Schlaikjer p. 58
1935	Triceratops elatus Schlaikjer p. 60
1935	Triceratops brevicornus Schlaikjer p. 62

Year	Name and Author
1935	Triceratops calicornis Schlaikjer p. 62
1935	Triceratops flabellatus Schlaikjer p. 62
1935	Triceratops hatcheri Schlaikjer p. 62
1935	Triceratops horridus Schlaikjer p. 63
1935	Triceratops obtusus Schlaikjer p. 63
1940	Triceratops serratus Brown and Schlaikjer p. 3 figs. 2A-C
1940	Triceratops fabellatus Sternberg p. 479
1946	Triceratops brevicornus Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops calicornis Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops elatus Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops hatcheri Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops horridus Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops serratus Gray p. 797
1946	Triceratops flabellatus Gray p. 798
1946	Triceratops obtusus Gray p. 798
1949	Triceratops horridus Lull and Gray p. 493
1949	Triceratops calicornis Lull and Gray p. 496
1949	Triceratops elatus Lull and Gray p. 496
1949	Triceratops albertensis Sternberg pp. 38-39 figs. Pl. 6
1949	Triceratops brevicornus Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops calicornis Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops elatus Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops eurycephalus Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops hatcheri Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops horridus Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1949	Triceratops obtusus Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1
1950	Triceratops flabellatus Huene p. 350 fig. 3
1963	Triceratops elatus Anonymous p. 356
1964	Diceratops hatcheri Kuhn p. 56
1964	Triceratops albertensis Kuhn p. 59
1964	Triceratops calicornis Kuhn p. 59
1964	Triceratops eurycephalus Kuhn p. 59
1964	Triceratops horridus Kuhn p. 59
1964	Triceratops brevicornus Kuhn p. 60
1964	Triceratops elatus Kuhn p. 60
1964	Triceratops flabellatus Kuhn p. 60
1964	Triceratops obtusus Kuhn p. 60
1964	Triceratops serratus Kuhn p. 60
1964	Triceratops serratus Russell p. 17
1964	Triceratops albertensis Russell p. 19
1964	Triceratops brevicornis Tatarinov p. 579 fig. 635
1964	Triceratops serratus Tatarinov p. 579 fig. 635
1964	Triceratops flabellatus Tatarinov p. 581 fig. 637
1964	Triceratops horridus Tatarinov p. 583
1965	Triceratops brevicornus Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops calicornis Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops elatus Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops flabellatus Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops hatcheri Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops horridus Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops obtusus Ostrom p. 39
1965	Triceratops serratus Ostrom p. 39
1966	Triceratops albertensis Russell p. 25
1969	Triceratops brevicornis Schuyf p. 68
1970	Triceratops serratus Swinton p. 103
1975	Triceratops flabellatus Langston p. 1585
1979	Triceratops horridus Laub p. 4
1979	Triceratops serratus Laub p. 6
1979	Triceratops elatus Laub p. 15
1981	Triceratops brevicornus McIntosh p. 41
1985	Triceratops flabellatus Breithaupt p. 167
1985	Triceratops brevicornus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops calicornis Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops elatus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops eurycephalus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops hatcheri Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops horridus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops obtusus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops serratus Breithaupt p. 170
1985	Triceratops elatus Sloan p. 265
1985	Triceratops horridus Sloan p. 265
1985	Triceratops obtusus Sloan p. 265
1986	Triceratops horridus Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 156
1986	Triceratops albertensis Tokaryk p. 194
1986	Triceratops brevicornus Tokaryk p. 194
1986	Triceratops horridus Tokaryk p. 194
1986	Triceratops hatcheri Tokaryk p. 195
1990	Triceratops horridus Dodson and Currie p. 612
1990	Triceratops horridus Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 247
1996	Diceratops hatcheri Forster p. 260
1996	Triceratops horridus Forster p. 268
1996	Triceratops horridus Lehman p. 505 fig. 10
1997	Triceratops horridus Breithaupt p. 394
1997	Triceratops horridus Currie and Padian p. 369
1997	Triceratops albertensis Eberth p. 202
1998	Triceratops horridus Lehman p. 903
2001	Triceratops albertensis Eberth et al. p. 66
2001	Triceratops horridus Makovicky p. 254 fig. 18.3
2004	Triceratops horridus Chinnery p. 584
2004	Diceratops hatcheri Dodson et al. p. 496
2004	Triceratops horridus Dodson et al. p. 496
2005	Triceratops horridus Diem and Archibald p. 251
2007	Diceratops hatcheri Farke p. 249
2007	Triceratops horridus Farke p. 249
2007	Nedoceratops hatcheri Ukrainsky p. 292
2008	Triceratops horridus Butler et al. p. 8
2008	Triceratops horridus Currie et al. p. 84
2008	Triceratops horridus Hunt and Lehman p. 1129
2008	Diceratus hatcheri Hunt and Lehman p. 1135
2008	Diceratus hatcheri Mateus p. 423
2010	Triceratops horridus Goodwin and Horner p. 552
2010	Triceratops horridus Scannella and Horner p. 1166
2011	Triceratops horridus Farke p. 1
2011	Nedoceratops hatcheri Farke p. 4
2011	Triceratops horridus Scannella and Horner p. 1
2012	Triceratops horridus Longrich and Field p. 9
2014	Triceratops horridus Longrich p. 303

References

Marsh O. C. Notice of gigantic horned Dinosauria from the Cretaceous, American Journal of Science 38, 173-175

Marsh O. C. Notice of new American Dinosauria, The American Journal of Science and Arts, series 3 38, 331-336

Marsh O. C. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles, The American Journal of Science, series 3 39, 81-86

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Marsh O. C. Notice of new vertebrate fossils, The American Journal of Science, series 3 42, 265-269

Marsh O. C. The dinosaurs of North America, United States Geological Survey, 16th Annual Report, 1894-95 55, 133-244

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambe L. M. (1902) New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 2, 25-81

Hatcher J. B., Lull R. S. (1905) Two new Ceratopsia from the Laramie of Converse County, Wyoming, The American Journal of Science, series 4 20 120, 413-419

Brown B. (1907) The Hell Creek Beds of the Upper Cretaceous of Montana: their relation to contiguous deposits, with faunal and floral lists and a discussion of their correlation, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23 33, 823-845

Hatcher J. B., Marsh O. C., et al (1907) The Ceratopsia, Monographs of the United States Geological Survey 49, 1-198

Knowlton F. H. (1909) The stratigraphic relations and paleontology of the "Hell Creek beds," Ceratops beds" and equivalents, and their reference to the Fort Union Formation, Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 11 3, 179-238

Tornier G. (1913) Reptilia. Paläontologie [Reptilia. Paleontology], Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften 8, 337-376

Brown B. (1914) Cretaceous Eocene correlation in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, Alberta, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 25, 355-380

Brown B. (1914) Anchiceratops, a new genus of horned dinosaurs from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. With discussion of the origin of the ceratopsian crest and the brain casts of Anchiceratops and Trachodon, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33 33, 539-548

Lambe L. M. (1915) On Eoceratops canadensis, gen. nov., with remarks on other genera of Cretaceous horned dinosaurs, Canada Geological Survey Museum Bulletin 12, Geological Series 24, 1-49

Parks W. A. (1925) Arrhinoceratops brachyops, a new genus and species of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta, University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series 19, 1-15

Huene F. v. (1927) Contribución a la paleogeografía de Sud América [Contribution to the paleogeography of South America], Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina 30, 231-294

Huene F. v. (1931) Verschiedene mesozoische Wirbeltierreste aus Südamerika [Different Mesozoic vertebrate remains from South America], Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung A 66, 181-198

Johnson J. H. (1931) The paleontology of the Denver quadrangle, Colorado, Colorado Scientific Society, Proceedings 12 11, 355-378

Lull R. S. (1933) A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs, Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3 3, 1-175

Swinton W. E. (1934) , A Guide to the Fossil Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians in the Department of Geology and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7, xii-87

Schlaikjer E. M. (1935) Contributions to the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Goshen Hole area, Wyoming. II. The Torrington Member of the Lance Formation and a study of a new Triceratops, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 7 2, 31-68

Sternberg C. M. (1940) Ceratopsidae from Alberta, Journal of Paleontology 14 5, 468-480

Sternberg C. M. (1949) The Edmonton fauna and description of a new Triceratops from the Upper Edmonton Member: phylogeny of the Ceratopsidae, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 113, 33-46

Huene F. v. (1950) Bemerkungen zu einem fremdartigen neuen Ceratopsiden [Remarks on an unusual new ceratopsid], Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1950, 347-351

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Breithaupt B. H. (1985) Nonmammalian vertebrate faunas from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming, Wyoming Geological Association 36th Annual Field Conference Guidebook: The Cretaceous Geology of Wyoming, 159-175

Ostrom J. H., Wellnhofer P. (1986) The Munich specimen of Triceratops with a revision of the genus, Zitteliana 14, 111-158

Tokaryk T. T. (1986) Ceratopsian dinosaurs from the Frenchman Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Saskatchewan, Canadian Field-Naturalist 100 2, 192-196

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Longrich N. R., Field D. J. (2012) Torosaurus is not Triceratops: ontogeny in chasmosaurine ceratopsids as a case study in dinosaur taxonomy, PLoS ONE 7 2, e32623 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032623

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A. S. Ukrainsky (2007) A new replacement name for Diceratops Lull, 1905 (Reptilia: Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): Zoosystematica Rossica 2: 292 - via Catalogue of Life

C. M. Sternberg (1949) The Edmonton fauna and description of a new Triceratops from the Upper Edmonton Member: phylogeny of the Ceratopsidae: National Museum of Canada Bulletin: 33--46 - via Catalogue of Life

E. M. Schlaikjer (1935) Contributions to the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Goshen Hole area, Wyoming. II. The Torrington Member of the Lance Formation and a study of a new Triceratops: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 2: 31--68 - via Catalogue of Life

N. R. Longrich, D. J. Field (2012) Torosaurus is not Triceratops: ontogeny in chasmosaurine ceratopsids as a case study in dinosaur taxonomy: PLoS ONE 2: e32623 (10.1371/journal.pone.0032623) - via Catalogue of Life

O. C. Marsh (1891) Notice of new vertebrate fossils: The American Journal of Science, series 3: 265--269 - via Catalogue of Life

J. B. Hatcher, R. S. Lull (1905) Two new Ceratopsia from the Laramie of Converse County, Wyoming: The American Journal of Science, series 4 120: 413--419 - via Catalogue of Life

O. C. Marsh (1889) Notice of gigantic horned Dinosauria from the Cretaceous: American Journal of Science: 173--175 - via Catalogue of Life

O. C. Marsh (1890) Description of new dinosaurian reptiles: The American Journal of Science, series 3: 81--86 - via Catalogue of Life

O. C. Marsh (1898) New species of Ceratopsia: American Journal of Science: 92 - via Catalogue of Life

P. Dodson, C. A. Forster, S. D. Sampson (2004) Ceratopsidae: In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson & H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 494--513 - via Catalogue of Life

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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