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Proechimys

Description

Proechimys is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, Proechimys rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms).


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8060485https://www.gbif.org/species/8060485
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)159117https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=159117
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Echimyidae : Proechimys
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Proechimys
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
-Glires
orderRodentia
suborderHystricomorpha
infraorderHystricognathi
-Caviomorpha
superfamilyOctodontoideaWaterhouse 1839
genusProechimysAllen 1899
Common Namespiny rat
Scientific NameProechimys Allen, 1899
Name Published InAllen, J. A. 1899. The generic names Echimys and Loncheres. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12: 257-264.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Proechimysgenusbelongs to OctodontidaeimpliedPalmer, 1904
Proechimysgenusbelongs to Heteropsomyinaestated without evidencePatterson and Pascual, 1968
Proechimysgenusbelongs to Octodontoideastated with evidenceArnal and Vucetich, 2015
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (67%)
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore (based on Rodentia)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)T. S. Palmer. 1904. Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals. North American Fauna 23:1-984
Common Name(s) Spiny Rat, Casiraguas, Ratas E[']spinosas, Spiny Rats
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proechimys

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Proechimys brevicauda
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys canicollis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys centralis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys chrysaeolus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys cuvieri
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys decumanus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys echinothrix
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys gardneri
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys goeldii
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys guairae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys guyannensis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys hoplomyoides
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys kulinae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys longicaudatus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys magdalenae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys mincae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys oconnelli
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
0 Ma
Extant
Proechimys pattoni
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys poliopus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys ponderosus âśť
species
listed (PBDB)
Proechimys quadruplicatus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys roberti
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys semispinosus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys simonsi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys steerei
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys trinitatis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys trinitatus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Proechimys urichi
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Echimys Geoffroy, 1838GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Echimyidae : Echimys

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1899Proechimys Allen
1904Proechimys Palmer p. 863
1968Proechimys Patterson and Pascual
2015Proechimys Arnal and Vucetich

References

Palmer T. S. (1904) Index generum mammalium: a list of the genera and families of mammals, North American Fauna 23, 1-984
Patterson B., Pascual R. (1968) New echimyid rodents from the Oligocene of Patagonia, and a synopsis of the family, Breviora 301, 1-14
Arnal M., Vucetich M. G. (2015) Main radiation events in Pan-Octodontoidea (Rodentia, Caviomorpha), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175, 587-606
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Woods, Charles A., and C. William Kilpatrick / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Infraorder Hystricognathi Brandt, 1855. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 2. 1538-1600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per base taxon - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
refer synonym source - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000 - Orthographic variant - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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