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Pliosaurus funkei

Description

Pliosaurus (meaning 'more lizard') is an extinct genus of thalassophonean pliosaurid known from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages (Late Jurassic) of Europe and South America. Their diet would have included fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles. This genus has contained many species in the past but recent reviews found only six to be valid, while the validity of two additional species awaits a petition to the ICZN. Pliosaurus currently consists of the type species P. brachydeirus, and also P. brachyspondylus, P. carpenteri, P. funkei, P. kevani, P. macromerus, P. rossicus and P. westburyensis, as well as the invalid P. portentificus. Most species of Pliosaurus are notable for their large body size, while the others, P. brachydeirus, P. brachyspondylus and P. portentificus, are known exclusively from immature individuals. Species of this genus are differentiated from other pliosaurids based on seven autapomorphies, including teeth that are triangular in cross section.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8660806https://www.gbif.org/species/8660806
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)248871https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=248871
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Plesiosauridae : Plesiosaurus : Pliosaurus funkei
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Pliosauridae : Pliosaurus : Pliosaurus funkei
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
orderSauropterygiaOwen 1861
-Pistosauria
-Plesiosauria
familyPliosauridaeSeeley 1874
-ThalassophoneaBenson and Druckenmiller 2014
genusPliosaurus
speciesPliosaurus funkeiKnutsen Druckenmiller & Hurum 2012
Generic NamePliosaurus
Scientific NamePliosaurus funkei Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum, 2012
Name Published InKnutsen, Espen M., Patrick S. Druckenmiller & Jørn H. Hurum. 2012. A new species of Pliosaurus (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) from the Middle Volgian of central Spitsbergen, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 92: 235-258.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pliosaurus funkeispeciesbelongs to Pliosaurusstated with evidenceKnutsen, 2012
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Last Recorded Appearance152 - 145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Environmentmarine (based on Plesiosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Plesiosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Plesiosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Plesiosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. M. Knutsen, P. S. Druckenmiller, and J. H. Hurum. 2012. A new species of Pliosaurus (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) from the Middle Volgian of central Spitsbergen, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 92:235-258
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliosaurus_funkei

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2012Pliosaurus funkei Knutsen p. 271
2012Pliosaurus funkei Knutsen et al. p. 238 figs. 2-16
2013Pliosaurus funkei Benson et al.

References

Knutsen E. M., Druckenmiller P. S., et al (2012) A new species of Pliosaurus (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) from the Middle Volgian of central Spitsbergen, Norway, Norwegian Journal of Geology 92, 235-258
Benson R. B. J., Evans M., et al (2013) A giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic of England, PLoS ONE 8 5, e65989 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065989
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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