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Estemmenosuchus uralensis

Description

Estemmenosuchus (meaning "crowned crocodile" in Greek) is an extinct genus of large, early omnivorous therapsids. It is believed and interpreted to have lived during the middle part of the Middle Permian around 267 million years ago. The two species, E. uralensis and E. mirabilis, are characterised by distinctive horn-like structures, which were probably used for intra-specific display. Both species of Estemmenosuchus are from the Perm (or Cis-Urals) region of Russia. Two other estemmenosuchids, Anoplosuchus and Zopherosuchus, are now considered females of the species E. uralensis. There were many complete and incomplete skeletons found together.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9429261https://www.gbif.org/species/9429261
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)361883https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=361883
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Estemmenosuchidae : Estemmenosuchus : Estemmenosuchus uralensis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Estemmenosuchidae : Estemmenosuchus : Estemmenosuchus uralensis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassTheromorpha
-Eotherapsida
superorderDinomorphaIvakhnenko 2003
orderGorgodontiaIvakhnenko 2003
suborderGorgonopsiaSeeley 1894
infraorderEstemmenosuchidaIvakhnenko 2003
superfamilyRhopalodontoideaSeeley 1894
familyEstemmenosuchidaeTchudinov 1960
genusEstemmenosuchusChudinov 1960
speciesEstemmenosuchus uralensisChudinov 1960
Generic NameEstemmenosuchus
Scientific NameEstemmenosuchus uralensis Chudinov, 1960
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Estemmenosuchus uralensisspeciesbelongs to Estemmenosuchusstated with evidenceChudinov, 1960
Estemmenosuchus uralensisspeciesbelongs to Estemmenosuchusstated without evidenceBattail and Surkov, 2000
Estemmenosuchus uralensisspeciesbelongs to Estemmenosuchusstated with evidenceIvakhnenko, 2003
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance268 - 265 Ma
Permian
Last Recorded Appearance268 - 265 Ma
Permian
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amniota)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Gorgonopsia)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)M. F. Ivakhnenko. 2003. Eotherapsids from the East European Placket (Late Permian). Paleontological Journal 37(Suppl. 4):S339-S465
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estemmenosuchus_uralensis

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Zopherosuchus luceus Chudinov, 1983GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Estemmenosuchidae : Estemmenosuchus : Zopherosuchus luceus
Anoplosuchus tenuirostris Tchudinov, 1968GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Estemmenosuchidae : Estemmenosuchus : Anoplosuchus tenuirostris

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1960Estemmenosuchus uralensis Chudinov
1968Anoplosuchus tenuirostris Tchudinov
1983Zopherosuchus luceus Chudinov p. 140 fig. 44
2000Anoplosuchus tenuirostris Battail and Surkov
2000Estemmenosuchus uralensis Battail and Surkov
2000Zopherosuchus luceus Battail and Surkov
2003Estemmenosuchus uralensis Ivakhnenko

References

Ivakhnenko M. F. (2003) Eotherapsids from the East European Placket (Late Permian), Paleontological Journal 37 Suppl. 4, S339-S465
Battail B., Surkov M. V. (2000) Mammal-like reptiles from Russia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 86-119
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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