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Kiekie Volcanic Series, Niihau Island, Kauai County, Hawaii, USAi
Regional Level Types
Kiekie Volcanic SeriesVolcanic Complex
Niihau IslandIsland
Kauai CountyCounty
HawaiiState
USACountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
21° North , 160° West (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~16km
GRN:
N15W105
Locality type:
Volcanic Complex


The post-shield rocks underlie most of the coastal areas and comprise lava flows, mixed cinder and lava cones, and tuff cones.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


5 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045 Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045 Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ 'Glass'
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ Pigeonite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Reference: Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51. Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217 Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38. Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076 Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336 Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘPigeonite9.DA.10(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
OOxygen
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
FFluorine
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeIron
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Pigeonite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6

References

Sort by

Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Macdonald, G. A. (1947). Petrography of Niihau. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 39-51.
Hinds, N. E. (1925). Melilite and nephelite basalt in Hawaii. The Journal of Geology, 33(5), 526-539. doi.org/10.1086/623217
Woolley, A. R. (2019). Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. Geological Society of London, p. 522.
Stearns, H. T. (1947). Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Niihau, Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bulletin, 12, 3-38.
Dixon, J., Clague, D. A., Cousens, B., Monsalve, M. L., & Uhl, J. (2008). Carbonatite and silicate melt metasomatism of the mantle surrounding the Hawaiian plume: Evidence from volatiles, trace elements, and radiogenic isotopes in rejuvenated‐stage lavas from Niihau, Hawaii. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9, Q09005 doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002076
Washington, H. S., & Keyes, M. G. (1926). Petrology of the Hawaiian Islands, V; The Leeward Islands. American Journal of Science, (70), 336-352. doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-12.70.336
Cousens, B. L., & Clague, D. A. (2015). Shield to rejuvenated stage volcanism on Kauai and Niihau, Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Petrology, 56(8), 1547-1584. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv045

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