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Pigeonite

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Big Photo

Gåsgruvan Quarry, Persberg district, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Kjell Gatedal

Show Pigeonite Photos (4)



Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
System:MonoclinicColour:black, brown, greenish ...
Hardness:6
Member of:Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group


Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup. A poorly defined mineral that could be considered to be a calcium-rich clinoenstatite and/or clinoferrosilite.

Classification of Pigeonite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.01-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DA.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th edition ID:65.1.1.4

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.23.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
23 : Silicates of Fe, Mg, Ca
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Type Occurrence of Pigeonite

Type Locality:Pigeon Point, Cook Co., Minnesota, USA
Year of Discovery:1900

Physical Properties of Pigeonite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Colour:black, brown, greenish brown
Streak:greyish white
Hardness (Mohs):6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good

Crystallography of Pigeonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Space Group Setting:P1 21/c 1
Cell Parameters:a = 9.7Å, b = 8.95Å, c = 5.24Å
β = 108.59°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.084 : 1 : 0.585
Unit Cell Volume:V 431.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Pigeonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.683 - 1.722 nβ = 1.684 - 1.722 nγ = 1.704 - 1.752
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.021 - 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak to distinct

Chemical Properties of Pigeonite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Essential elements:Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Pigeonite to other Species

Member of:Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DA.05Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Enstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.05Ferrosilite
FeSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
9.DA.10Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Davisite
CaScAlSiO
 
6
9.DA.15Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
9.DA.20Aegirine-augite
(Na,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.20Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.30Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.23.2Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Pigeonite

Synonyms:
Calc-clinobronziteCalc-clinoenstatiteCalc-clinohypersthene
Other Languages:
German:Pigeonit
Russian:Пижонит
Spanish:Pigeonita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pigeonite

Reference List:

- +
Clark, J.R., D.E. Appleman, and J.J. Papike (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper 2: 31-50.

Robinson, P., Ross, M., Nord, G.L., Smyth, J.R., and Jaffe, H.W. (1977) Exsolution lamellae in augite and pigeonite: fossil indicators of lattice parameters at high temperature and pressure. American Mineralogist: 62: 857-873.

Canadian Mineralogist (1989): 27: 143.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2002), Non-convergent ordering and displacive phase transition in pigeonite: in situ HT XRD study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 331-340.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2003), Coupling between non-convergent ordering and transition temperature in the C2/c ↔ P2 1/c phase transition in pigeonite. American Mineralogist: 88: 1115-1128.

Internet Links for Pigeonite

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  • Pigeonite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Pigeonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    • Sahara Desert
      • Lakhbi
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb88.pdf.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
    		Meteoritical Bulletin, 84 (Aug. 2000)
    • Grove Mountains
    		Meyer, C. (2001) Mars Meteorite Compendium: XXIV-1-2.
    • Queen Fabiola Mountains (Yamato Mountains)
    		Ikeda Yukio (1988): Petrochemical study of the Yamato-691 enstatite chondrite (EH3) II: Descriptions and mineral compositions of unusual silicate-inclusions. Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites 1, 14-37. [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000029852/en/]
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Durham Co.
    		American Mineralogist 64 (1979) 131-135.
    • Queensland
      • Scenic Rim Region
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		No reference listed
        • Weld river
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    R Bottrill 2010, unpublished report
    • Western Australia
      • North Haig
        • Sleeper Camp
    		Am Min 67:126-131
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Martinho Campos
        • Ibitira
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		Kuiren Wang and Junxin Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(3), 238-244
    • Hebei Province
      • Zhangjiakou Prefecture
        • Wanquan Co.
          • Hannuoba basalt field
    		Brizi, E., Nazzareni, S., Princivalle, F., and Zanazzi, P.F. (2003): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145, 578-584.
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Jilin Prefecture
        • Jilin City
    		Wankang Huang, Yingwen Xie, and Jingming Pan (1978): Geochimica 7(1), 25-34
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Jihlava (Iglau)
          • Stonařov (Stannern)
    		von Engelhardt, W. (1963): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 9, 65-94.
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Landes
    		B. Azambre and P. Monchoux, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 39-47.
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Châtelguyon
          • Charbonnières-les-Varennes
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Haute-Marne
        • Chassigny
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Drôme
        • Romans-sur-Isère
          • Saint-Jean-en-Royans
    		M. Christophe Michel-Lévy, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 449-458.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		No reference listed
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
            • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
    		El-Kaluoby, B., Mineralbestand und Gefüge vulkanischer Glimmerschiefer-Auswürflinge des Kyller Kopfes, Westeifel, Diss., Rhein. Fried.-Wilh.-Universität, Bonn, 1981
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
    		Contrib.Mineral Petrol (1981) 77:307-324
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		Thomassen, B., and Nielsen, T.F.D. (2006): Geology and Ore No. 6, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), February 2006.
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Sirok
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Balaton Uplands
        • Bazsi
          • Prága Hill
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
        • Tapolcai Basin
          • Uzsa (Uzsabánya)
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Gaya District
    • Maharashtra
      • Buldhana District
    		Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40, Nr 9/10, 1473–1492 (2005)
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Niimi City
    		Masaru Yamaguchi (1964) Petrogenic Significance of Ultrabasic Inclusions in Basaltic Rocks from Southwest Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 163-219.
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Yugawara
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
        • Fukuoka City
    		Masaru Yamaguchi (1964) Petrogenic Significance of Ultrabasic Inclusions in Basaltic Rocks from Southwest Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 163-219.
    Libya
     
    • Al Jufrah District
      • Dar al Gani
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, No. 18, pp. 3519–3536, 2003
    Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000)
    Montserrat
     
    Montserrat Volcano Observatory
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Er Rachidia Province
        • Erfoud (Erfud)
    		The Meteoritical Bulletin, n.94 - http://www.meteoriticalsociety.org/simple_template.cfm?code=pub_bulletin
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    T. Bunch and J. Wittke, NAU
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Northland
    		http://ganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~enami/abstract/pme0201.pdf.
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    • Sayh al Uhaymir
    		Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 11492, 2003
    Papua New Guinea
     
    • West New Britain Province
    		Lowder, G.G. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 324-340.
    Romania
     
    • Alba Co.
    		http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html
    • Harghita Co.
      • Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely; Oderhellen)
        • Also-Rákos (Unter-Krebsenbach)
    		Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály F.2010:Mineralogy of Székelyland,Eastern Transylvania,Romania
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    Saint Lucia
     
    • Grande Rivière Village
      • Morne Serpent hill
    		M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
     
    • Saint Vincent
    		Journal of Petrology 10:1721-1764
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1096-1104
    Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Gyeongsangbuk-do (Kyongsang-bukto; Gyeongsangbugdo)
      • Ulleung-gun
    		Atsuo Harumoto (1970) Volcanic Rocks and Associated Rocks of Utsuryoto Island, (Japan Sea). (39pp + geological map)
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Camporrells
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Estopiñán del Castillo
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Sopeira
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Extremadura
      • Cáceres
        • Garrovillas de Alconétar
    		Weibel, M. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 4, 379-411.
    Sweden
     
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Månsarp
    		S.Hjelmqvist: The titaniferous iron-ore deposit of Taberg in the southern part of Sweden. SGU C 512, 1950
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Persberg district
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Västmanland
    		No reference listed
    The Moon
     
    • Mare Fecunditatis
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXX
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • Padstow
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.; Am Min (1970)55:1195-1209
    B.G.J. Upton et al. , Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, V 155, N° 5, pp 813-828.
    USA
     
    • Alabama
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328-329; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
          • White Hills
    • Colorado
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    AmMin 11:317
    • Georgia
      • Fulton Co.
        • Red Oak
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Indiana
      • Tippecanoe Co.
        • Lafayette
    		www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/Lafay.pdf.
    • Kansas
      • Gray Co.
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb87.pdf.
    • Maine
      • Hancock Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
      • Oxford Co.
        • Grafton
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Dennen, W. H. 1992, Bedrock geologic map of the Gloucester and Rockport Quadrangles, Essex County, Massachusetts
      • Hampden Co.
        • Westfield
    		Gillson, Joseph L. (1926): Pigeonite from the Triassic traps of the Connecticut Valley (American Mineralogist 11:317)
    • Michigan
      • Dickinson Co.
        • Felch
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
      • Ontonagon Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Minnesota
      • Cook Co.
    		A. N. Winchell ,Am. Geol.,26, 1900 p. 203.; Am Min 16:195-208
      • Lake Co.
    		Harvard Museum of Natural History
    • Montana
      • Stillwater Co.
    		USGS Open-File Report 89-76
    USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2038
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Kanes Spring Wash
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
    		http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984LPICo.537E..67D
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Roosevelt Co.
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 40, Dec. 1976, p. 1429-1437.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
    Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological Survey
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • Warwick Township
          • St. Peters
    		Mineralogical Record, 25(2),pp:105-120.
      • Lebanon Co.
        • Cornwall
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Leesburg
    		www.excaliburmineral.com
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • Danville Basin
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Rockbridge Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Montebello
    		Rocks&Min. 47:596 (1972)
    • Washington
      • Clark Co.
        • Washougal
    		http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1972Metic...7..449J&data_type=PDF_HIGH&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
    • Wisconsin
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
    Klewin, Kenneth, James Olmsted and Karl Seifert; 1989, "Rock types and relationships of the Mellen Igneous Complex - a one day field trip to the Keweenawan of the Mellen, Wisconsin Area" Proceedings, 35th Meeting, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, Vol. 2, p. C1 - C-15.
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Buxoro (Bukhara) Viloyati
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Western Sahara
     
    • Dchira
    		Meteoritical Society Abstracts (2001)
    Yemen
     
    • South Yemen
    		Zolensky, M. & A.Ivanov, Chemie der Erde 63,185-246(2003)
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