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Pigeonite

Big Photo

Gåsgruvan limestone quarry, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Kjell Gatedal

Show Pigeonite Photos (2)
Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
System:MonoclinicColour:black, brown, greenish ...
Hardness:6


Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup.

Classification of Pigeonite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.01-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DA.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th edition ID:65.1.1.4

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.23.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
23 : Silicates of Fe, Mg, Ca
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Type Occurrence of Pigeonite

Type Locality:Pigeon Point, Cook Co., Minnesota, USA
Year of Discovery:1900

Physical Properties of Pigeonite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Colour:black, brown, greenish brown
Streak:greyish white
Hardness (Mohs):6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good

Crystallography of Pigeonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.7Å, b = 8.95Å, c = 5.24Å
β = 108.59°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.084 : 1 : 0.585
Unit Cell Volume:V 431.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Pigeonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.683 - 1.722 nβ = 1.684 - 1.722 nγ = 1.704 - 1.752
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.021 - 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak to distinct

Chemical Properties of Pigeonite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
Essential elements:Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Pigeonite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
9.DA.05Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Enstatite
Mg
 
2
[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Ferrosilite
Fe
 
2
[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Akimotoite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)SiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoenstatite
Mg
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.10Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.10Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Diopside
CaMg[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.20Aegirine-augite
(Na,Ca)(Fe,Fe,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.20Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Kosmochlor
NaCr[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.25Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.30Spodumene
LiAl[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
14.23.2Actinolite
☐Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Pigeonite

Synonyms:
Calc-clinobronziteCalc-clinoenstatiteCalc-clinohypersthene
German names:
Pigeonit
Russian names:
Пижонит
Spanish names:
Pigeonita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pigeonite

Reference List:Clark, J.R., D.E. Appleman, and J.J. Papike (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper 2: 31-50.

Robinson, P., Ross, M., Nord, G.L., Smyth, J.R., and Jaffe, H.W. (1977) Exsolution lamellae in augite and pigeonite: fossil indicators of lattice parameters at high temperature and pressure. American Mineralogist: 62: 857-873.

Canadian Mineralogist (1989): 27: 143.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2002), Non-convergent ordering and displacive phase transition in pigeonite: in situ HT XRD study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 331-340.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2003), Coupling between non-convergent ordering and transition temperature in the C2/c ↔ P2 1/c phase transition in pigeonite. American Mineralogist: 88: 1115-1128.

Internet Links for Pigeonite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Pigeonite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Pigeonite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Pigeonite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Lakhbi
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb88.pdf.
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
    		Meteoritical Bulletin, 84 (Aug. 2000)
    • Grove Mountains
    		Meyer, C. (2001) Mars Meteorite Compendium: XXIV-1-2.
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		No reference listed
        • Weld river
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • North Haig
        • Sleeper Camp
    		Am Min 67:126-131
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Martinho Campos
          • Ibitira
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Landes
    		B. Azambre and P. Monchoux, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 39-47.
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Châtelguyon
          • Charbonnières-les-Varennes
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Haute-Marne
        • Chassigny
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Drôme
        • Romans-sur-Isère
          • Saint-Jean-en-Royans
    		M. Christophe Michel-Lévy, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 449-458.
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		No reference listed
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
    		El-Kaluoby, B., Mineralbestand und Gefüge vulkanischer Glimmerschiefer-Auswürflinge des Kyller Kopfes, Westeifel, Diss., Rhein. Fried.-Wilh.-Universität, Bonn, 1981
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
    		Contrib.Mineral Petrol (1981) 77:307-324
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Sirok
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Tapolcai Basin
        • Bazsi
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
        • Uzsabánya
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Gaya District
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Libya
     
    • Dar al Gani
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, No. 18, pp. 3519–3536, 2003
    Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000)
    Montserrat
     
    Montserrat Volcano Observatory
    Morocco
     
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Northland
    		http://ganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~enami/abstract/pme0201.pdf.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
        • Lake Mykle
          • Dammen
    		NGU Bulletin, 442, 2004, pp. 23-28.
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    • Sayh al Uhaymir
    		Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 11492, 2003
    Romania
     
    • Alba Co.
    		http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    Saint Lucia
     
    • Grande Rivière Village
      • Morne Serpent hill
    		M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
     
    • Saint Vincent
    		Journal of Petrology 10:1721-1764
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Cérová Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Camporrells
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Ribagorça (Ribagorza)
          • Estopanyà (Estopiñán)
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Catalonia
      • Lleida (Lérida)
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Månsarp
    		S.Hjelmqvist: The titaniferous iron-ore deposit of Taberg in the southern part of Sweden. SGU C 512, 1950
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Västmanland
    		No reference listed
    The Moon
     
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXX
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • Padstow
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.
    B.G.J. Upton et al. , Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, V 155, N° 5, pp 813-828.
    USA
     
    • Alabama
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328-329; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
          • White Hills
    • Colorado
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    AmMin 11:317
    • Georgia
      • Fulton Co.
        • Red Oak
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Indiana
      • Tippecanoe Co.
        • Lafayette
    		www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/Lafay.pdf.
    • Kansas
      • Gray Co.
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb87.pdf.
    • Maine
      • Hancock Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
      • Oxford Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    • Michigan
      • Dickinson Co.
        • Felch
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
      • Ontonagon Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Minnesota
      • Cook Co.
      • Lake Co.
    		Harvard Museum of Natural History
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Kanes Spring Wash
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
    		http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984LPICo.537E..67D
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Roosevelt Co.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
    Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological Survey
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • Warwick Township
          • St. Peters
    		No reference listed
      • Lebanon Co.
        • Cornwall
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Leesburg
    		www.excaliburmineral.com
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • Danville Basin
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Rockbridge Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Montebello
    		Rocks&Min. 47:596 (1972)
    • Washington
      • Clark Co.
        • Washougal
    		http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1972Metic...7..449J&data_type=PDF_HIGH&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
    • Wisconsin
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Buxoro (Bukhara) Viloyati
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Western Sahara
     
    • Dchira
    		Meteoritical Society Abstracts (2001)
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
    www.mindat.org Web
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