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Pigeonite

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Big Photo

Gåsgruvan Quarry, Persberg district, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Kjell Gatedal

Show Pigeonite Photos (8)



Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
System:MonoclinicColour:black, brown, greenish ...
Hardness:6
Member of:Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group


Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup. A poorly defined mineral that could be considered to be a calcium-rich clinoenstatite and/or clinoferrosilite.

Classification of Pigeonite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.01-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DA.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
Dana 8th edition ID:65.1.1.4

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.23.1

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
23 : Silicates of Fe, Mg, Ca
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Type Occurrence of Pigeonite

Type Locality:Pigeon Point, Cook Co., Minnesota, USA
Year of Discovery:1900

Physical Properties of Pigeonite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Colour:black, brown, greenish brown
Streak:greyish white
Hardness (Mohs):6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good

Crystallography of Pigeonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Space Group Setting:P1 21/c 1
Cell Parameters:a = 9.7Å, b = 8.95Å, c = 5.24Å
β = 108.59°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.084 : 1 : 0.585
Unit Cell Volume:V 431.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Pigeonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.683 - 1.722 nβ = 1.684 - 1.722 nγ = 1.704 - 1.752
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.021 - 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak to distinct

Chemical Properties of Pigeonite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Essential elements:Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Na,K,H2O

Relationship of Pigeonite to other Species

Member of:Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DA.05Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
9.DA.05Enstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.05Ferrosilite
FeSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoenstatite
MgSiO
 
3
9.DA.10Clinoferrosilite
Fe
2+
 
SiO
 
3
9.DA.10Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Augite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)[(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DA.15Diopside
CaMgSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Esseneite
CaFe
3+
 
[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Hedenbergite
CaFe
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Petedunnite
Ca(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.15Davisite
CaScAlSiO
 
6
9.DA.15Kushiroite
CaAl[AlSiO
 
6
]
9.DA.15Grossmanite
CaTi
3+
 
 AlSiO
 
6
9.DA.20Aegirine-augite
(Na,Ca)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.20Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Aegirine
NaFe
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jadeite
Na(Al,Fe
3+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Kosmochlor
NaCrSi
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Namansilite
NaMn
3+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.25Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)Si
 
2
O
 
6
9.DA.30Spodumene
LiAlSi
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.23.2Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2

Other Names for Pigeonite

Synonyms:
Calc-clinobronziteCalc-clinoenstatiteCalc-clinohypersthene
Other Languages:
German:Pigeonit
Russian:Пижонит
Spanish:Pigeonita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Pigeonite

Reference List:

- +
Clark, J.R., D.E. Appleman, and J.J. Papike (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper 2: 31-50.

Robinson, P., Ross, M., Nord, G.L., Smyth, J.R., and Jaffe, H.W. (1977) Exsolution lamellae in augite and pigeonite: fossil indicators of lattice parameters at high temperature and pressure. American Mineralogist: 62: 857-873.

Canadian Mineralogist (1989): 27: 143.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2002), Non-convergent ordering and displacive phase transition in pigeonite: in situ HT XRD study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 331-340.

Cámara, F., Carpenter, M.A., Domeneghetti, M.C., and Tazoli, V. (2003), Coupling between non-convergent ordering and transition temperature in the C2/c ↔ P2 1/c phase transition in pigeonite. American Mineralogist: 88: 1115-1128.

Internet Links for Pigeonite

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    • Localities for Pigeonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    • Sahara Desert
      • Lakhbi
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb88.pdf.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • American Highland
        • Grove Mts
    		Meyer, C. (2001) Mars Meteorite Compendium: XXIV-1-2.
      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
        • Queen Fabiola Mts (Yamato Mts)
    		Ikeda Yukio (1988): Petrochemical study of the Yamato-691 enstatite chondrite (EH3) II: Descriptions and mineral compositions of unusual silicate-inclusions. Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites 1, 14-37. [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000029852/en/]
      • Victoria Land
    		Meteoritical Bulletin, 84 (Aug. 2000)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Durham Co.
    		American Mineralogist 64 (1979) 131-135.
    • Queensland
      • Scenic Rim Region
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		No reference listed
    McDougall, I. (1961): Optical and chemical studies of pyroxenes in a differentiated Tasmanian dolerite. American Mineralogist. 46, 661-687
        • Weld river
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    R Bottrill 2010, unpublished report
    • Western Australia
      • Dundas Shire
        • North Haig
          • Sleeper Camp
    		Am Min 67:126-131
      • Roebourne Shire
        • Karratha
    		Formation of Platiniferous Sulfide Horizons by Crystal Fractionation and Magma Mixing in the Munni Munni Layered Intrusion, West Pilbara Block, Western Australia; D Hoatson and R Keays, Ecomonic Geology Vol 84 #7 pp1775-1804 Nov 1989
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Martinho Campos
        • Ibitira
    Bulgaria
     
    • Sofiya Town Oblast (Grad Sofia Oblast)
      • Obshtina Sofiya (Obshtina Sofia)
    		I. Kostov, V. Breskovska, J. Mincheva-Stefanova, G. Kirov (1964): Minerals of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria, 540 pp. (in Bulgarian).
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Lac des Iles Complex
    		D. H. Watkinson and G. Dunning v(1979) Geology and platinum-group mineralization, Lac-des-Iles Complex, northwestern Ontario. Can Mineral 17:453-462
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		Kuiren Wang and Junxin Wang (1987): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(3), 238-244
    • Hebei Province
      • Zhangjiakou Prefecture
        • Wanquan Co.
          • Hannuoba basalt field
    		Brizi, E., Nazzareni, S., Princivalle, F., and Zanazzi, P.F. (2003): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145, 578-584.
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Jilin Prefecture
        • Chuanying District
    		Wankang Huang, Yingwen Xie, and Jingming Pan (1978): Geochimica 7(1), 25-34
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Jihlava (Iglau)
          • Stonařov (Stannern)
    		von Engelhardt, W. (1963): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 9, 65-94.
    France
     
    • Aquitaine
      • Landes
    		B. Azambre and P. Monchoux, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 39-47.
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Châtelguyon
          • Charbonnières-les-Varennes
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Haute-Marne
        • Chassigny
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Drôme
        • Romans-sur-Isère
          • Saint-Jean-en-Royans
    		M. Christophe Michel-Lévy, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 449-458.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Waldkirchen
            • Röhrnbach
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Bad Harzburg
    		No reference listed
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
            • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
    		El-Kaluoby, B., Mineralbestand und Gefüge vulkanischer Glimmerschiefer-Auswürflinge des Kyller Kopfes, Westeifel, Diss., Rhein. Fried.-Wilh.-Universität, Bonn, 1981
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa Province (West Greenland)
    		Contrib.Mineral Petrol (1981) 77:307-324
    • Tunu Province (East Greenland)
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		Thomassen, B., and Nielsen, T.F.D. (2006): Geology and Ore No. 6, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), February 2006.
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Sirok
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Balaton Uplands
        • Bazsi
          • Prága Hill
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
        • Tapolcai Basin
          • Uzsa (Uzsabánya)
    		Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
    Iceland
     
    • Suður-Múlasýsla
    		Carmichael, Ian S. E., (1967) The Mineralogy of Thingmuli, a Tertiary Volcano in Eastern Iceland. American Mineralogist, 52:1815-1841
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Gaya District
    • Maharashtra
      • Buldhana District
    		Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40, Nr 9/10, 1473–1492 (2005)
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Niimi City
    		Masaru Yamaguchi (1964) Petrogenic Significance of Ultrabasic Inclusions in Basaltic Rocks from Southwest Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 163-219.
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Yugawara
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
        • Fukuoka City
    		Masaru Yamaguchi (1964) Petrogenic Significance of Ultrabasic Inclusions in Basaltic Rocks from Southwest Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 163-219.
    Libya
     
    • Al Jufrah District
      • Dar al Gani
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, No. 18, pp. 3519–3536, 2003
    Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000)
    Montserrat
     
    Montserrat Volcano Observatory
    Morocco
     
    • Guelmim-Es Semara Region
      • Tata Province
    		Irving, A.J. et. al, 2012 The Tissint DepeltedPermafic Olivine-Phyric Shergottite: Petrologic, Elemental, and Isotopic Characterization of a Recent Martian Fall in Morocco. 43rd LPSC #2510
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Er Rachidia Province
        • Erfoud (Erfud)
    		The Meteoritical Bulletin, n.94 - http://www.meteoriticalsociety.org/simple_template.cfm?code=pub_bulletin
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    T. Bunch and J. Wittke, NAU
    Dr. Vivian Gornitz (2013) A "wet" Mars meteorite from the desert. Bulletin of the New York Mineralogical Club, 127, #4, 3.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Northland
    		http://ganko.eps.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~enami/abstract/pme0201.pdf.
    Nigeria
     
    • Katsina State
    		T.J. McCoy, M. Wadhwa, K. Keil, New lithologies in the Zagami meteorite: evidence for fractional crystallization of a single magma unit on Mars, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 63, Issues 7–8, April 1999, Pages 1249-1262,
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar Province (Al Janubiyah Province)
    • Sayh al Uhaymir
    		Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 11492, 2003
    Papua New Guinea
     
    • West New Britain Province
    		Lowder, G.G. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 324-340.
    Romania
     
    • Alba Co.
    		http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Apuseni.html
    • Harghita Co.
      • Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely; Oderhellen)
        • Racoş (Racoşu de Jos)
    		Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    Saint Lucia
     
    • Grande Rivière Village
      • Morne Serpent hill
    		M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
     
    • Saint Vincent
    		Journal of Petrology 10:1721-1764
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
    		Econ Geol (1986) 81:1096-1104
    Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Gyeongsangbuk-do (Kyongsang-bukto; Gyeongsangbugdo)
      • Ulleung-gun
    		Atsuo Harumoto (1970) Volcanic Rocks and Associated Rocks of Utsuryoto Island, (Japan Sea). (39pp + geological map)
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Camporrells
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Estopiñán del Castillo
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Sopeira
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Extremadura
      • Cáceres
        • Garrovillas de Alconétar
    		Weibel, M. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 4, 379-411.
    Sweden
     
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Månsarp
    		S.Hjelmqvist: The titaniferous iron-ore deposit of Taberg in the southern part of Sweden. SGU C 512, 1950
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Persberg district
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Västmanland
    		No reference listed
    The Moon
     
    • Descartes Highlands
    		Walker, D., J. Longhi, T.L. Grove, E.M. Stolper, and J.F. Hays (1973) Experimental petrology and origin of rocks from the Descartes Highlands. Proc. Fourth Lunar Sci. Conf., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Suppl. 4, p. 1013-1032.; Dowty, E., Keil, K., & Prinz, M. (1974) Igneous rocks from Apollo 16 rake samples. In: Lunar Science Conference, 5th, Houston, Tex., March 18-22, 1974, Proceedings. Volume 2. (A75-39540 19-91) New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1974, p. 431-445.
    • Mare Fecunditatis
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXX
    • Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms)
    		Baldridge, W. S.; Beaty, D. W.; Hill, S. M. R.; Albee, A. L. (1979). In: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 10th, Houston, Tex., March 19-23, 1979, Proceedings. Volume 1. (A80-23557 08-91) New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1979, p. 141-179.
    • Taurus-Littrow Valley
    		Longhi, J., Walker, D., Grove, T. L., Stolper, E. M., & Hays, J. F. (1974) The petrology of the Apollo 17 mare basalts. In: Lunar Science Conference, 5th, Houston, Tex., March 18-22, 1974, Proceedings. Volume 1. (A75-39540 19-91) New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1974, p. 447-469.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Wadebridge District
          • St Merryn
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
    		www.abdn.ac.uk/geology/profiles/auming/pitchstone/pitchstones.htm.; Am Min (1970)55:1195-1209
    B.G.J. Upton et al. , Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, V 155, N° 5, pp 813-828.
    USA
     
    • Alabama
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 328-329; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
          • White Hills
    		Meteoritics & Planetary Science 36, A315 (2001)
    • Colorado
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    AmMin 11:317
    • Georgia
      • Fulton Co.
        • Red Oak
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Indiana
      • Tippecanoe Co.
        • Lafayette
    		www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/Lafay.pdf.
    • Kansas
      • Gray Co.
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb87.pdf.
    • Maine
      • Aroostook Co.
        • TD R2 WELS
    		Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates.
    Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates.
    Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates.
    Pavlides, Louis and Milton, Charles, 1962, Geology and Manganese Deposits of the Maple and Hovey Mountains Area, Aroostook County, Maine, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 362, pp. 116 + plates.
      • Hancock Co.
    		King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
      • Oxford Co.
        • Grafton
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Dennen, W. H. 1992, Bedrock geologic map of the Gloucester and Rockport Quadrangles, Essex County, Massachusetts
      • Hampden Co.
        • Westfield
    		Gillson, Joseph L. (1926): Pigeonite from the Triassic traps of the Connecticut Valley (American Mineralogist 11:317)
    • Michigan
      • Dickinson Co.
        • Felch
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
      • Ontonagon Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Minnesota
      • Cook Co.
    		A. N. Winchell ,Am. Geol.,26, 1900 p. 203.; Am Min 16:195-208
      • Lake Co.
    		Harvard Museum of Natural History
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    		Lee, I., Ripley, E.M. (1995) Canadian Mineralogist, 33, 723-743.
    • Montana
      • Stillwater Co.
    		USGS Open-File Report 89-76
    USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2038
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Kanes Spring Wash
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
    		http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984LPICo.537E..67D
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Roosevelt Co.
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 40, Dec. 1976, p. 1429-1437.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
    Morimoto,Nobuo and Tokonami,Maseyasu.,(1969)Oriented Exsolution Of Augite In Pigeonite:The American Mineralogist,Vol.54,July-August 1969
    • Pennsylvania
      • Chester Co.
        • Warwick Township
          • St. Peters
    		Mineralogical Record, 25(2),pp:105-120.
      • Lebanon Co.
        • Cornwall Borough (Cornwall)
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Leesburg
    		www.excaliburmineral.com
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • Danville Basin
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Rockbridge Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Montebello
    		Rocks&Min. 47:596 (1972)
    • Washington
      • Clark Co.
        • Washougal
    		http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1972Metic...7..449J&data_type=PDF_HIGH&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
    • Wisconsin
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
    Klewin, Kenneth, James Olmsted and Karl Seifert; 1989, "Rock types and relationships of the Mellen Igneous Complex - a one day field trip to the Keweenawan of the Mellen, Wisconsin Area" Proceedings, 35th Meeting, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, Vol. 2, p. C1 - C-15.
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Buxoro (Bukhara) Viloyati
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Western Sahara
     
    • Dchira
    		Meteoritical Society Abstracts (2001)
    Yemen
     
    • Hadramawt Governorate
    		Zolensky, M. & A.Ivanov, Chemie der Erde 63,185-246(2003)
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