Estherville meteorite, Emmet Co., Iowa, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Estherville meteorite | Meteorite Fall Location |
| Emmet Co. | County |
| Iowa | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
43° 25' North , 94° 50' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Meteorite Class:
Meteoritical Society Class:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Estherville | 6,011 (2017) | 1.7km |
| Superior | 129 (2017) | 9.2km |
| Wallingford | 187 (2017) | 11.3km |
| Dunnell | 161 (2017) | 16.6km |
| Terril | 364 (2017) | 16.6km |
Mindat Locality ID:
27777
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:27777:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0c9686e0-a1bd-432c-b147-65911685c1fd
Mesosiderite-A3/4 (Stony-Iron)
Fall, 10 May 1879, 320 kg, shower with several 'stones'
Late in the afternoon a terribly loud explosion was heard from high above followed quickly by a number of additional thunderous blasts. Alerted by these sounds witnesses soon found a 4 m wide, 2 m deep crater with a 195 kg mass inside. Another large 65 kg mass and several smaller pieces were subsequently found in the next days and weeks. Estherville has been given considerable attention in the past 130+ years as it is the most massive of only 7 witnessed mesosiderite falls. Mesosiderites are complex stony-irons which have experienced dramatic impacts which have mixed once molten Fe-Ni metal with an assortment of silicate clasts. Several larger mesosiderite finds are known, but weathering creates substantive interpretation problems — especially when trying to determine which sulfides, sulfates and phosphates within an exposed meteoritical mass are pre-terrestrial and by products of exposure to the earth's environment. Estherville's Fe-Ni metal (56 wt%), with prominent nodules and frequent Widmanstätten patterns provide ample Fe-rich material for study. Likewise, Estherville's often clastic silicates (~40 wt%)— compositionally dominated by orthopyroxene with accessory plagioclase and other minor silicates — also provide ample 'stony' material for material. Schreibersite, troilite, chromite and other phases account for <5 wt% of the meteorite. Estherville is the 'Type Locality' for two minor phases, stanfieldite (a phosphate) and tetrataenite (Ni-rich tetragonal metal), discovered several decades ago.
As the research referenced here spans over a century, the reader should be alerted to changing nomenclature conventions used by various authors which are difficult to render with complete consistency. Thus, the 'whitlockite' reported here is referred to as 'merrillite' by other equally competent sources.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
17 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Anorthite Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8) Description: Present in anorthositic clasts. Reference: Grady, M. M. , Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. |
| ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290 |
| ⓘ 'Antitaenite' Formula: Fe3Ni Reference: www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2002/pdf/5020.pdf. |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Bunch, T. E. & Keil, K. (1970) Chromite and Ilmenite in non-chondritic meteorites. American Mineralogist 56 (1/2):146-157. (Jan/Feb 1971) |
| ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Description: Clinopyroxenes include at least one Ca-rich species (augite) and one Ca-rich species (pigeonite. [Cf. Powell (1971)] Reference: Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Description: Enstatite has both a general definition as magnesian Fe-Mg pyroxene (MgO mol%> FeO mol%) and as very Mg-rich pyroxene or even nearly pure Mg pyroxene [The latter usage is usually preferred in the meteoritical literature]. Almost all Estherville orthopyroxene contains a significant ferroan component. Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290 |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Shepard, C. U. (1879). On the Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa meteorite of May 10, 1879.: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:186-188.; Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971); Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Bunch, T. E. & Keil, K. (1970) Chromite and Ilmenite in non-chondritic meteorites. American Mineralogist 56 (1/2):146-157. (Jan/Feb 1971); Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Reference: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 54, Issue 11, November 1990, Pages 3197-3208; Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Shepard, C. U. (1879). On the Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa meteorite of May 10, 1879.: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:186-188. |
| ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 54, Issue 11, November 1990, Pages 3197-3208; Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Shepard, C. U. (1879). On the Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa meteorite of May 10, 1879.: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:186-188. |
| ⓘ Merrillite Formula: Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290. [as whitlockite] |
| ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Description: Orthopyroxene(Fs29) [According to Powell (1971)] is mostly described as 'Hypersthene' in much of the meteoritical literature. Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971); Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| ⓘ Pigeonite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Description: Plagioclase grains are somewhat variable in composition, but are normally unzoned. Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971); Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Description: Much of the pyroxene is intergrown with plagioclase Reference: Shepard, C. U. (1879). On the Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa meteorite of May 10, 1879.: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:186-188. |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Schreibersite Formula: (Fe,Ni)3P Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Stanfieldite (TL) Formula: Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 Type Locality: Reference: Fuchs, L.H. (1967) Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral from stony iron meteorites. Science: 158: 910-911.; Fleischer, M. (1968) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 53: 507-511 (508).; Witzke, T. (2011): Stanfieldit-Kristalle aus dem Meteoriten Estherville (Mesosiderit A 3/4). Aufschluss 62, 119-123. ; Fuchs, L.H. (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 289-290. |
| ⓘ Taenite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages |
| ⓘ Tetrataenite (TL) Formula: FeNi Type Locality: Reference: American Mineralogist, Volume 65, pages 624-630 1980 |
| ⓘ Tridymite Formula: SiO2 Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971); Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290; Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages; Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
| ⓘ Whitlockite ? Formula: Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) Description: Later recognised as merrillite. Reference: Fuchs L H (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Stanfieldite, a new phosphate mineral in stony-iron meteorites. The Canadian Mineralogist 9, 289-290. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | 'Antitaenite' | 1.AE.10 | Fe3Ni |
| ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | Schreibersite | 1.BD.05 | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| ⓘ | Taenite | 1.AE.10 | (Fe,Ni) |
| ⓘ | Tetrataenite (TL) | 1.AE.10 | FeNi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Tridymite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Merrillite | 8.AC.45 | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| ⓘ | Stanfieldite (TL) | 8.AC.70 | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| ⓘ | Whitlockite ? | 8.AC.45 | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Bytownite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Pigeonite | 9.DA.10 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| O | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Mg | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| P | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| P | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ca | ⓘ Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Antitaenite | Fe3Ni |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| Fe | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Tetrataenite | FeNi |
| Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Ni | ⓘ Antitaenite | Fe3Ni |
| Ni | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| Ni | ⓘ Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Peckham, S. F. (1879). Fall of a meteorite on the 10th of May, in Iowa: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:77-78
Shepard, C. U. (1879). On the Estherville, Emmet County, Iowa meteorite of May 10, 1879.: American Journal of Arts and Science (3rd Series) 18:186-188.
Bunch, T. E. & Keil, K. (1970) Chromite and Ilmenite in non-chondritic meteorites. American Mineralogist 56 (1/2):146-157. (Jan/Feb 1971)
Powell, B. N. (1971). Petrology and chemistry of mesosiderites—II. Silicate textures and compositions and metal-silicate relationships. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 35(1): 5-34. (Jan 1971)
Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages.
Mittlefehldt, D. W., McCoy, T. J., Goodrich, C. A. & Kracher, A. (1998). Non-chondritic meteorites from asteroidal bodies. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 4, 195 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998)
Witzke, T. (2011): Stanfieldit-Kristalle aus dem Meteoriten Estherville (Mesosiderit A 3/4). Aufschluss 62, 119-123.
Grady, M. M. , Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages.
External Links
- http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2002/pdf/5020.pdf
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php = Meteoritical Bulletin Database
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php = Meteoritical Bulletin Database
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Great Plains DomainDomain
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Estherville meteorite, Emmet Co., Iowa, USA