Pucará de Turi, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilei
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Pucará de Turi | Smelter |
| Calama | - not defined - |
| El Loa Province | Province |
| Antofagasta | Region |
| Chile | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
22° 14' 3'' South , 68° 16' 37'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Archeological site with copper smelting. 1250 - Incan occupation.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Atacamite Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Manganosite Formula: MnO Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
| ⓘ Tenorite Formula: CuO Reference: Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Atacamite | 3.DA.10a | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Manganosite | 4.AB.25 | MnO |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Manganosite | MnO |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganosite | MnO |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, Beau Murphy, Juan González, César Parcero-Oubiña, and Andrés Troncoso. (2021) "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi" Minerals 11, no. 12: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121402
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