 | | Journal (issue) | | GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA Canada’s Diavik Mine Fabergé Imperial Bodyguards Responsible Sourcing...Production of Colored Stones Journey to the Chivor Emerald Mine Summer 2016 VOLUME 52, No. 2 EDITORIAL...EDITORIAL 103 Responsible Mining, a Trek to Chivor, and a Dash of Fabergé Duncan Pay FEATURE ARTICLES 104 ...Mining Diamonds in the Canadian Arctic: The Diavik Mine James E. Shigley, Russell Shor, Pedro Padua, Christopher... In Rainier’s Footsteps: Journey to the Chivor Emerald Mine Robert Weldon, Jose Guillermo Ortiz, and |  | | Journal (issue) | | 10. Heinrich, E.W. (1946) Studies in the mica group; the biotite-phlogopite series. Am. J. Sci., 244...near Plush, Oregon, a general-store post-office group of homes, fairly near Lakeview, about in the centre...coarsely granular and consists of at least 50% feldspar, with small amounts of pyroxene, olivine, and...it is very different. With a coarse shattered feldspar groundmass, it is, nevertheless, a basalt porphyry...have been a mush of shattered colourless, glassy feldspar fragments of like composition. Sudden cooling |  | | Book | | Harlow, Curator of Gems and Minerals, in the Department of Mineral Sciences at the American Museum of...NATURAL HISTORY Anna S. Sofianides Associate, Department of Mineral Sciences American Museum of Natural...George E. Harlow Curator of Gems and Minerals Department of Mineral Sciences American Museum of Natural...patience and assistance of others in the Museum's Department of Mineral Sciences, particularly Janice Yaklin...Glossary PAGE PAGE 2 0 2 1 1 8 ReadingList PAGE Feldspar PAGE 126 2 0 4 Index PAGE 2 0 6 II hese |  | | Book | | crystal 10.5 cm (41/i in. ) high from Tourmaline Queen Mine, San Diego County, Pala, California. Back Cover:...page 280. Page l: Left: The "Patricia Emerald," Colombia, 629 carats, 6.6 cm ( I ½ in.) high. Right: The...Inquiries should be addressed to Abbeville Publishing Group, 488 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022. Printed...contajning a metal and an oxygen-bearing anionic group. For example, calcite is a forn1 of calcium carbonate...materials are presented by mineral species or 1nineral group in an order clustering s.imilar gen1s together. |  | | Book | | Panagiotis Voudouris is Professor of Mineralogy at the Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian...Professor in Economic Geology-Geochemistry, at the Department of Mineralogy, Petrology, Economic Geology, School...coloured by chromium and sometimes vanadium. The first group of authors in their review proposed an enhanced...Afghanistan (Panjsher Valley), Brazil (Itabira), Colombia (Coscuez), Ethiopia (Shakisso), Madagascar (Mananjary)...Šoštarić 5 and Vladimir Bermanec 2 1 2 3 4 5 * Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology |  | | Book | | window 8 Topaz 3 Copper coin 6 Orthoclase feldspar 9 Corundum 4 Fluorite 6.5 Steel file 10...plane and the third is perpendicular. orthoclase feldspar epidote Three axes of unequal length all inclined...another at different angles. TRICLINIC -*k~ alkali feldspar (amazonite) rhodonite 9 INTRODUCTION REFRACTION...fade with time. can produce colour changes, A group including amber, ruby, ivory, Jluorite and opal...FASHIONING. IMITATIONS AND SYNTHETICS now abandoned mine at Murfreesboro, Diamonds are usually cut in the |  | | Book (edition) | | directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44)(0) 1865 843830; fax...Chrysoberyl Spinel Topaz Tourmaline The Garnets Feldspar Group Zircon Peridot 69 92 117 150 167 171 175 185...book would be more sensibly shared out among a group of authors/gemmologists, each member tackling his...Edition being extracted from ‘Gems of the Silica Group’ to form a separate chapter. I have also reintroduced...First Edition For two decades, an earlier work of mine – Practical Gemmology – has proved a useful elementary |  | | Book (edition) | | (ad’-u-lar-es’-sence). An optical phenomenon applied to feldspar (usually, orthoclase moonstone, or adularia) that...reflection from parallel intergrowths of albite feldspar, which has a slightly different refractive index...resembles any variety of agate. aggregate. Ciuster or group. See crystalline aggregate. Ago Bay. Historically...series of the feldspar group, of which albite moonstone, sunstone and aventurine feldspar are varieties...dispersion, .012. albite moonstone. A variety of albite feldspar that exhibits a silvery, or pale-blue adularescence |  | | Book | | Africa and was named after the president of the mine, Cullinan. Uncut it weighed 3106 carats (approximately...of haematite, but only material from an iron ore mine in Cumberland in England, and also from Elba (Italy)...crystal does represent the prototype of crystals. A group ofrock crystal specimens from Madagascar is shown...perce In Plate 6 also, specimens of the quartz group are shown. At the top are violet amethysts and below...belongs together with lapis-lazuli and hauyne to a group of its own. It is a sodium-aluminium silicate with |  | | Book | | mother rock of contact metamorphosed limestone. Colombia. 8 Typical example of pneumatolytic-hydrothermal...important rock-forming minerals, such as mica, feldspar, quartz, olivine, and others, were segregated...were segregated and precipitation of quartz and feldspar took place. The great majority of pegmatites are...fluorite, belong chiefly the varieties of the quartz group: amethyst, rock crystal, smoky quartz, and citrine...the emerald found in calcareous shales at Muzo, Colombia. Hydrothermal mineral parageneses are the most |  | | Book (edition) | | bonds are generally weaker than these bond types. A group of atoms held together by bonds insucha way as to...minerals. Diopside, for example, is a member of a group of about 8 minerals with essentially the same structure...groups of gem minerals is found on page 141. The group concept of relating similar gem species has been...ranges. Coarse texture, composed of potassium feldspar, quartz, plus some mica or hornblende and accessory...contains plagioclase feldspar, little quartz, some biotite. Granodiorite—like feldspar. diorite, but |  | | Book | | Moscow, u. S. S. R. ^ Vincent manson, Chairman, Department of Mineralogy, American Museum of Natural History...the Gallery collection represents the fi nest group of minerals and gems ever photographed. It is hoped...the original list of 150 was refined to a "must” group of seventy-six, the judges frequently voted to retain...stood atop the "mother” mass of blue-colored rock. A mine was started and a shaft was sunk into the rock....crystal, still imbedded in the country rock, to the mine manager, Mr. F. Wells. With his pocketknife Wells | | | Book | | Moscow, U.S. 8. R. Je VINCENT MANSON, Chairman, Department of Mineralogy, American Museum of Natural History...that the Gallery collection represents the finest group of minerals and gems ever photographed. It is hoped...the original list of 150 was refined to a “must” group of seventy-six, the judges frequently voted to retain...stood atop the “mother” mass of blue-colored rock. A mine was started and a shaft was sunk into the rock....crystal, still imbedded in the country rock, to the mine manager, Mr. F. Wells. With his pocketknife Wells | | | Book | | Moscow, U. S. 8. R. Je VINCENT MANSON, Chairman, Department of Mineralogy, American Museum of Natural History...that the Gallery collection represents the finest group of minerals and gems ever photographed. It is hoped...the original list of 150 was refined to a “must” group of seventy-six, the judges frequently voted to retain...stood atop the “mother” mass of blue-colored rock. A mine was started and a shaft was sunk into the rock....crystal, still imbedded in the country rock, to the mine manager, Mr. F. Wells. With his pocketknife Wells |  | | Book (edition) | | text most used by an increasingly large and active group of gemstone collectors who are fascinated by the... CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES types. A group of atoms held together by bonds in such a way form...sodium may amounts! In such cases it member of a group of about eight minerals with essentially the same...important groups of gem found on page 241. The group concept of relating similar gem species has been...many mountain ranges. Coarse tex- of potassium feldspar, quartz, plus parency) are extremely rare over |  | | Journal (issue) | | 11.2 cm, from the La Marina mine, Muzo District, Boyaca Department, Colombia. See the article on the Colombian...Fort Victor ia, SonthArn Rhorl,,st'l. Bogota, Colombia. LAWRENCE H. CONKLIN 2 WEST 46th STREET , NEW...DENVER MART EXPO HALL ROOMJ53 BARITE 20.3 CM XIEFANG MINE , GANZHOU PREFECTURE , JIANGXI PROVINCE , CHINA...Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Mineralogy and Petrology Ilkovifova 6, 842...1751 was funded mainly by donations from wealthy mine owners and from simple mining families. Modem times |  | | Book | | tourmaline crystals from William Larson’s Stuart Mine in the Pala Mountains, California (USA). Next to...from the hydrothermal deposits of the Muzo Mine, Colombia. Collection: Mineralogical Institute of the...fluorine in topaz and boron in tourmaline. In a third group, the mineral crystallization is truly unique: The...most important rockforming minerals such as mica, feldspar, quartz and olivine are deposited in strict order...morganite and white quartz from the pegmatite of Queen Mine, San Diego County, California (USA). Collection: |  | | Book | | [(OH)5 (P04)4]' 6 H20 (monoclinic, brown) Rotlăufchen Mine near Wetzlar/FRG Original size 5 x 6 mm ISBN-13:...2132/3130/543210 Translator: John Sampson White, Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution...a deeper view of the crust in mines. The deepest mine shafts are those of the gold mines in the Witwatersrand...with edges up to 10 m such as, for example, the feldspar crystals found in Kristiansand, in Norway. Huge...numerous rock-forming minerals, particularly quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole or the technologically |  | | Journal (issue) | | the U.S.A. 05 0 74470 02033 2 UNM’s HARDING MINE Exploring Plentiful Pegmatite 2 ROCKNGEM.COM ...With WorldWide Popularity 20 NEW MEXICO’S HARDING MINE The Must-See Pegmatite of the West Steve Voynick...2020 TOURMALINE with ALBITE and QUARTZ Himalaya Mine, San Diego County, CA Watercolor by Frederick C...2020 7 Covington Has Moved! ROYAL PEACOCK OPAL MINE Dig your own Virgin Valley Fire Opals ALL YOU FIND...apophyllite is no longer a single mineral but a group name. In the early days of mineralogy, the mineral |  | | Book (edition) | | American consultant: Prof. Anthony C. Tennissen, Department of Geology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas...GEMSTONES Diamond 70 Spodumene 114 Ruby 82 Quartz group 116 Sapphire 86 Jade 154 Emerald 90 Peridot 158...Beryl 96 Hematite, Pyrite 162 Chrysoberyl 98 Feldspar group t 64 Spine! 100 Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite 168...garnet Natural purple spine! Green microcline feldspar Rock crystal Beads of white satin spar Smithsonite...chlorastrolite Peridot from Hawaii Aventurine feldspar Obsidian Fine Chinese jade Pyrite Green aventurine | | | Book (edition) | | bonds are generally weaker than these bond types. A group of atoms held together by bonds in such a way as...minerals. Diopside, for example, is a member of a group of about 8 minerals with essentially the same structure...groups of gem minerals is found on page 141. The group concept of relating similar gem species has been...quartz grains. Arkose-sandstone composed chiefly of feldspar and quartz grains. Graywacke-dense, dark-colored...ranges. Coarse texture, composed of potassium feldspar, quartz, plus some mica or hornblende and accessory |  | | Book (edition) | | Colored. See onyx; onyx agate aggregate. Cluster or group. crystalline aggregate. A. G. S. American Gem Society...Same as almandine. alb ite. A species of the feldspar group. NaAlSisOs. H. 6-6.5; S. G. 2.6-2.7; R.I. 1...011. See albite moonstone; albandine aventurine feldspar. albite moonstone. A variety of al¬ bite, exhibiting...shape in which amber occurs. amber amazonttone. feldspar. Amazonite. The earlier and still popular name...amphibole (am'fi-bole). A group of ferro-magnesium silicate min¬ erals. This group of minerals is usually |  | | Book | | dominate. These are quartz and the silicate groups feldspar, feldspathoids (minerals with compo- sition...the feldspars but not actually members of the feldspar group), pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas and olivine...quartz feldspars feldspathoids members of the feldspar group leucite, sodalite, nepheline, cancrinite Mafic...members of the pyroxene group members of the amphibole group members of the mica group micas The mineralogist...always check in a specimen to see if quartz or feldspar are present and how much there is of pyroxene |  | | Book | | Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Illustrations: Crowle Art Group Note: For illustrative purposes, some images in...through the Canada Book Fund as administered by the Department of Canadian Heritage. Page 1: Cluster ring (see...composed of just a few minerals; quartz and the feldspar group are the most abundant species. These are the...crystals found in many volcanic rocks — such as feldspar and leucite — crystallized in a magma chamber...aragonite crystals in fossil ammonites, and the feldspar gem varieties labradorite and peristerite have | | | Book | | Miguel Hortiguela, LPPO Illustrations: Crowle Art Group Printed in China The publisher gratefully acknowledges...through the Canada Book Fund as administered by the Department of Canadian Heritage. Note: For illustrative...composed ofjust a few minerals; quartz and the feldspar group are the most abundant processes — called biominerals...crystals found in many volcanic rocks — such as feldspar and leucite — crystallized in a magma chamber...aragonite crystals in fossil ammonites, and the feldspar gem varieties labradorite and peristerite have |
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