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Fort Union - Ludlow, USA

Formation	Fort Union
Member	Ludlow
Age:	63.3 - 56.0 Ma Paleocene
Interval	Lancian
Tectonic Setting	Cratonic basin
Lithology	shale, sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, marl, coal, "siliciclastic"
Number of Collections	85
Number of Occurrences	561

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
KJ9752	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ8408	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ8409	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9903	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ8403	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ8404	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86110	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJND1	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJND7	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ87143	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9819	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ88103l	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9817	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9627	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86113	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ87154	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ88120	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9251 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9329 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ88122 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9316 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9325 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9843 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86107 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9829	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9754 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86148q	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9142d	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ87130	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86114	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86161g	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ88100	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9831	Custer County, Montana, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9410	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9855	Custer County, Montana, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86163	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86162	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ86155	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9145	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9651	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ87140	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9251	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9136	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9650	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9143	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ87150	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ9858 CENSUS	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
SD-19	Harding County, South Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
KJ0142	Bowman County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
USGS locality 8239	Dunn County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
Merle’s Mecca	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow
Pyramid Butte	Slope County, North Dakota, USA	Fort Union - Ludlow

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Hell Creek	66.0 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene	sandstone/siltstone, sandstone, mudstone, sandstone/mudstone, siltstone, conglomerate, claystone, "shale", sandstone/conglomerate, mudstone/siltstone, mudstone/"shale", "shale"/siltstone, sandstone/"shale", amber, sandstone/claystone	4258

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Limnobiophyllum scutatum species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Limnobiophyllum : *Limnobiophyllum scutatum*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Amersinia sp. genus	6	*Amersinia*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Browniea serrata species	7	Browniea : *Browniea serrata*	66 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Carpites verrucosus species	7	Carpites : *Carpites verrucosus*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Cupressinocladus interruptus species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : Cupressinocladus : *Cupressinocladus interruptus*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Harmsia hydrocotyloidea species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Malvaceae : Harmsia : *Harmsia hydrocotyloidea*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Marchantia sp. genus	6	*Marchantia*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nordenskioldia borealis species	7	Nordenskioldia : *Nordenskioldia borealis*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Nyssidium arcticum species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Apiales : Araliaceae : Nyssidium : *Nyssidium arcticum*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Platanus raynoldsii species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae : Platanus : *Platanus raynoldsii*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Wardiaphyllum daturaefolium species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Wardiaphyllum : *Wardiaphyllum daturaefolium*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Glyptostrobus europaeus species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : Glyptostrobus : *Glyptostrobus europaeus*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Metasequoia occidentalis species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : Metasequoia : *Metasequoia occidentalis*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Taxodium sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : *Taxodium*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Dilleniidae subclass	3.3	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Dilleniidae	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Magnoliopsida class	3	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Rosidae subclass	3.3	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosidae	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Corylus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : *Corylus*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Dryophyllum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : *Dryophyllum*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Quercus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : *Quercus*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Quercus sullyi species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Quercus : *Quercus sullyi*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Quercus yulensis species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Quercus : *Quercus yulensis*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Magnoliales order	4	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliales	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Penosphyllum cordatum species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Malvaceae : Penosphyllum : *Penosphyllum cordatum*	66 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Pterospermites sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Malvaceae : *Pterospermites*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicotylophyllum anomalum species	7	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Dicotylophyllum : *Dicotylophyllum anomalum*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Magnoliid unranked clade	99	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliid	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Quereuxia angulata species	7	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Quereuxia : *Quereuxia angulata*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Paranymphaea crassifolia species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Nymphaeales : Nymphaeaceae : Paranymphaea : *Paranymphaea crassifolia*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Nelumbago montanum species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Nelumbonaceae : Nelumbago : *Nelumbago montanum*	66 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Nelumbo sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Nelumbonaceae : *Nelumbo*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Platanaceae family	5	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Platanus raynoldsi species	7	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae : Platanus : *Platanus raynoldsi*	66 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Cocculus flabella species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Menispermaceae : Cocculus : *Cocculus flabella*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Ampelopsis acerifolia species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Vitales : Vitaceae : Ampelopsis : *Ampelopsis acerifolia*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Sapindales order	4	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Cercidiphyllum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Cercidiphyllaceae : *Cercidiphyllum*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Populus genetrix species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Cercidiphyllaceae : Cercidiphyllum : *Populus genetrix*	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Trochodendrales order	4	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Trochodendrales	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Flacourtiaceae family	5	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Flacourtiaceae	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Populus sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malpighiales : Salicaceae : *Populus*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Alveugena carbonensis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cimolestidae : Alveugena : *Alveugena carbonensis*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Scapherpeton tectum species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata : Scapherpetontidae : Scapherpeton : *Scapherpeton tectum*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Boremys sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Baenidae : *Boremys*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Bryophyta phylum	2	Plantae : Bryophyta	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Equisetum sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Equisetaceae : *Equisetum*	70.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lycopsida class	3	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Hymenophyllaceae family	5	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Hymenophyllales : Hymenophyllaceae	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Triletes sp. genus	6	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Triletes*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene
Polypodiales order	4	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Polypodiales	63.3 - 61.7 Ma Paleocene
Woodwardia gravida species	7	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Blechnaceae : Woodwardia : *Woodwardia gravida*	66 - 63.3 Ma Paleocene
Azolla sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Salviniales : Salviniaceae : *Azolla*	66 - 56 Ma Paleocene

References

Dijkstra S. J. (1961) Some Paleocene megaspores and other small fossils, Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, Nieuwe Serie 13, 5-11

Brown R. W. (1962) Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 375, 1-119

Johnson K. R. (2002) Megaflora of the Hell Creek and lower Fort Union Formations in the western Dakotas: Vegetational response to climate change, the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event, and rapid marine transgression, The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Great Plains: An integrated continental record of the end of the Cretaceous. 361, 329-391

Johnson K. R. (2002) Personal field work re: HC and FU formations

Wilf P., Labandeira C. C., et al (2006) Decoupled plant and insect diversity after the end-Cretaceous extinction, Science 313, 1112-1115

Manchester S.R., Hickey L.J. (2007) Reproductive and vegetative organs of Browniea gen. n. (Nyssaceae) from the Paleocene of North America., International Journal of Plant Sciences 168 2, 229-249

Rook D. L., Hunter J. P., et al (2010) Lower jaw of the Early Paleocene mammal Alveugena and its interpretation as a transitional fossil, Journal of Paleontology 84 6, 1217-1225 doi:10.1666/10-054.1

Lyson T. R., Joyce W. G., et al (2011) Boremys (Testudines, Baenidae) from the latest Cretaceous and early Paleocene of North Dakota: an 11 million year range extension and an additional K/T survivor, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 4, 729-737 doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.576731

Gardner J. D., DeMar D. E. (2013) Mesozoic and Palaeocene lissamphibian assemblages of North America: a comprehensive review, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 93, 459-515

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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