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Stereospondyli ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	130884	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=130884

Rank

unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Stereospondyli

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Temnospondyli
-	Eutemnospondyli	Schoch 2013
-	Rhachitomi
-	Eryopiformes	Schoch 2013
-	Stereospondylomorpha	Yates and Warren 2000
suborder	Stereospondyli

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Stereospondyli	suborder	belongs to Stegocephali	stated with evidence	von Zittel, 1887
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Labyrinthodontia	stated with evidence	Watson, 1919
Stereospondyli	suborder	belongs to Temnospondyli	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Stegocephalia	stated without evidence	Huene, 1954
Stereospondyli	suborder	belongs to Temnospondyli	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1971
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Stereospondylomorpha	stated with evidence	Yates and Warren, 2000
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Temnospondyli	stated without evidence	Damiani and Rubidge, 2003
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Stereospondylomorpha	stated with evidence	Schoch, 2013
Stereospondyli	unranked clade	belongs to Temnospondyli	stated without evidence	Eltink et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

386

First Recorded Appearance

279 - 272 Ma
Permian

Last Recorded Appearance

0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Temnospondyli)

Diet

carnivore (based on Temnospondyli)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

K. A. von Zittel. 1887. Handbuch der Palæontologie. I. Abtheilung - Palæozoologie. III. Band - Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Rhytidostea ✝ infraorder	listed (PBDB)	32	260 Ma Permian	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Lapillopsidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	3	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Rhinesuchidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)	28	279 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Arachana ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Chinlestegophis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Chomatobatrachus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	6	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Deltacephalus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Eolydekkerina ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Kryostega ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Luzocephalus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	5	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Lydekkerina ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	10	260 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Peltobatrachus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Brachyopomorpha ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)
Capitosauria ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	293	252 Ma Permian	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Trematosauria ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	467	260 Ma Permian	0.13 Ma Pleistocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1834	Mastodonsaurus meyeri Münster p. 527
1839	Mastodonsaurus andriani Münster
1847	Mastodonsaurus fuerstenberganus Meyer
1865	Pachygonia Huxley p. 8
1865	Pachygonia incurvata Huxley p. 8
1874	Diadetognathus Miall
1874	Diadetognathus varvicensis Miall
1887	Stereospondyli von Zittel pp. 369, 370, 397
1890	Mastodonsaurus indicus Lydekker
1898	Stereospondyli Gadow p. 13
1909	Stereospondyli Moodie p. 39
1919	Laccocephalus Watson p. 18 fig. 10
1919	Laccocephalus insperatus Watson p. 18 fig. 10
1919	Laccocephalus Watson p. 65
1919	Lydekkerinidae Watson p. 66
1919	Stereospondyli Watson p. 67
1925	Laccocephalus Haughton p. 231
1925	Laccocephalus insperatus Haughton p. 233
1943	Boreosaurus Nilsson p. 34 figs. 21-25, pl. 9
1943	Boreosaurus thorslundi Nilsson p. 34 figs. 21-25, pl. 9
1946	Lydekkerinidae Kuhn p. 52
1946	Stereospondyli Kuhn p. 52
1954	Stereospondyli Huene p. 11
1969	Lydekkerina panchetensis Tripathi p. 18
1969	Indobenthosuchus Tripathi p. 22
1969	Indobenthosuchus panchetensis Tripathi p. 22
1969	Pachygonia Tripathi p. 27

Year	Name and Author
1969	Labyrinthodon panchetensis Tripathi p. 32
1971	Stereospondylida Kuhn p. 6
1971	Mastodonsaurus andriani Kuhn p. 7
1971	Mastodonsaurus meyeri Kuhn p. 7
1974	Cryobatrachus Colbert and Cosgriff
1974	Cryobatrachus kitchingi Colbert and Cosgriff p. 5
1974	Cryobatrachus Colbert and Cosgriff p. 19 figs. 14-19
1988	Boreosaurus Carroll
1988	Cryobatrachus Carroll
1988	Laccocephalus Carroll
1988	Lydekkerinidae Carroll
1988	Pachygonia Carroll
1996	Lydekkerinidae Shishkin et al. p. 1637
1996	Cryobatrachus Shishkin et al. p. 1651
1996	Indobenthosuchus Shishkin et al. p. 1651
2000	Stereospondyli Schoch and Milner
2000	Lydekkerinidae Schoch and Milner p. 75
2000	Lydekkerinidae Shishkin et al.
2000	Stereospondyli Yates and Warren pp. 84, 94 fig. 1
2003	Stereospondyli Damiani and Rubidge p. 23
2003	Lydekkerinidae Damiani and Rubidge p. 26
2006	Lydekkerinidae Jeannot et al. p. 823
2012	Stereospondyli Pineiro et al. p. 67
2013	Stereospondyli Schoch
2017	Stereospondyli Eltink et al.
2017	Stereospondyli Fortuny et al.
2019	Stereospondyli Buffa et al.

References

von Zittel K. A. , Handbuch der Palæontologie. I. Abtheilung - Palæozoologie. III. Band - Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves), 900 p.

Münster G. G. Vorläufige Nachricht über einige neue Reptilien im Muschelkalke von Baiern, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrfaktenkunde 1834, 521-527

Münster G. G. Mastodonsaurus Andriani, Beiträge zur Petrefactenkunde, 102-103

Huxley T. H. On a collection of vertebrate fossils from the Panchet rocks, Ranigunj, Bengal, Palaeontologia Indica 4, 1-24

Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia of the British Museum of Natural History. Part IV: the orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata, Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia, and supplement, 1-295

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Moodie R. L. (1909) A contribution to a monograph of the extinct Amphibia of North America. New forms from the Carboniferous, Journal of Geology 17 1, 38-82

Watson D. M. S. (1919) The structure, evolution and origin of the Amphibia.—The "orders" Rachitomi and Stereospondyli, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 209, 1-73

Haughton S. H. (1925) Investigations in South African fossil reptiles and amphibians (Part 13), Annals of the South African Museum 22, 227-261

Nilsson T. (1943) On the morphology of the lower jaw of Stegocephalia with special reference to Eotriassic stegocephalians from Spitzbergen. I. Descriptive Part, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 20 9, 1-46

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Huene F. v. (1954) , Die Saurierwelt und ihre Geschichtlichen Zusammenhänge [The World of Reptiles and the History of Their Interrelationships]. 2nd, revised edition, 1-66

Tripathi C. (1969) Fossil labyrinthodonts from the Panchet Series of the Indian Gondwanas, Palaeontologia Indica, new series 38, 1-45

Kuhn O. (1971) , Die Saurier der deutschen Trias [Reptiles of the German Triassic], 1-105

Colbert E. H., Cosgriff J. W. (1974) Labyrinthodont amphibians from Antarctica, American Museum Novitates 2552, 1-30

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Shishkin M. A., Rubidge B. S., et al (1996) A new lydekkerinid (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the lower Triassic of South Africa: implications for evolution of the early capitosauroid cranial pattern, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351, 1635-1659

Schoch R., Milner A. R. (2000) Stereospondyli, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie - Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 3B, 1-203

Shishkin M. A., Novikov I. V., et al (2000) Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia, The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 35-59

Yates A. M., Warren A. (2000) The phylogeny of the ‘higher’ temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128 1, 77-121

Damiani R. J., Rubidge B. S. (2003) A review of the South African temnospondyl amphibian record, Palaeontologia africana 39, 21-36

Jeannot A. M., Damiani R., et al (2006) Cranial anatomy of the Early Triassic stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi (Tetrapoda: Temnospondyli) and the taxonomy of South African lydekkerinids, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 4, 822-838

Pineiro G., Ramos A., et al (2012) A rhinesuchid-like temnospondyl from the Permo-Triassic of Uruguay, Comptes Rendus Palevol 11, 65-78 doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.07.007

Schoch R. R. (2013) The evolution of major temnospondyl clades: an inclusive phylogenetic analysis, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.699006

Eltink E., Da-Rosa A. A. S., et al (2017) A capitosauroid from the Lower Triassic of South America (Sanga do Cabral Supersequence: Paraná Basin), its phylogenetic relationships and biostratigraphic implications, Historical Biology 29, 863-874 doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1255736

Fortuny J., Gastou S., et al (2017) A new extreme longirostrine temnospondyl from the Triassic of Madagascar: phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical implications for trematosaurids, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16, 675-688 doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1335805

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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