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Nuculida

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	204891	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=204891

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Protobranchia	Pelseneer 1889
superorder	Nuculiformii	Dall 1889
order	Nuculida	(Dall 1889)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated with evidence	Newell, 1965
Nuculida	order	belongs to Pelecypoda	stated without evidence	Givens and Kennedy, 1976
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Hayami and Kase, 1977
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Morris, 1980
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated with evidence	Gliozzi and Malatesta, 1983
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated with evidence	Ward and Blackwelder, 1987
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Nuculida	order	belongs to Bivalvia	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Stilwell and Zinsmeister, 1992
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated with evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Todd, 2001
Nuculida	order	belongs to Bivalvia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Spencer et al., 2004
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Fang and Cope, 2004
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated with evidence	Bieler and Mikkelsen, 2006
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Fang, 2006
Nuculida	order	belongs to Palaeotaxodonta	stated without evidence	Scholz et al., 2008
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Mikkelsen and Bieler, 2008
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Nuculida	order	belongs to Nuculiformii	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011
Nuculida	order	belongs to Protobranchia	stated without evidence	Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

496

Extant Size (PBDB)

101 (20%)

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 479 Ma
Paleozoic

Motility

slow-moving (based on Nuculida)

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

deposit feeder (based on Nuculida)

Ecospace Comments

ECOSPACE CODE: 523.

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. G. Carter, C. R. Altaba L. C. Anderson, R. Araujo, A. S. Biakov, A. E. Bogan, D. C. Campbell, M. Campbell, J. H. Chen, J. C. W. Cope, G. Delvene, H. H. Dijkstra, Z. J. Fang, R. N. Gardner, V. A. Gavrilova, I. A. Goncharova, P. J. Harries, J. H. Hartman, M. Hautmann, et al. 2011. A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4:1-47

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ctenodontoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Nuculacea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	7	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Nuculoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)	4,538	485 Ma Cambrian	0 Ma Extant
Phaseoloidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Pristiglomoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Bicrenula ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Borissia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Caesariella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	431 Ma Silurian	426 Ma Silurian
Clinopista ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cnestriella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Costaledopsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Costatoleda genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Dysodonta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ekaterodonta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Eonuculoma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Eritropsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Iheringinucula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	28.4 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Indoculana ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kasachia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kufralaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leiodysodonta ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Lapteviella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Menneroctenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	61.6 Ma Paleocene	61.6 Ma Paleocene
Neiloides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Notonucula ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Palaeostraba ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paulinea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Pensarnia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Phestioidea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pseudoleda ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	433 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Pseudonuculana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Ptychostolis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scyphoconcha ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sibiroctenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Suria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Tropinuculites ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Xiaoshuiculana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zeehania ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1889	Nuculoida Dall
1965	Nuculoida Newell p. 16
1976	Nuculoida Givens and Kennedy p. 973
1977	Nuculoida Hayami and Kase
1980	Nuculoida Morris p. 269
1980	Nuculoida Vokes p. 1
1983	Nuculoida Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 87
1984	Nuculoida Squires p. 40
1987	Nuculoida Squires p. 54
1987	Nuculoida Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1988	Nuculoida Squires p. 17
1992	Nuculoida Stilwell and Zinsmeister p. 47
1999	Nuculoida Squires p. 22
2000	Nuculoida Coan et al. pp. 62, 70

Year	Name and Author
2001	Nuculoida Todd
2002	Nuculoida Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Nuculoida Fang and Cope p. 1124
2004	Nuculoida Spencer et al.
2004	Nuculoida Stilwell et al. p. 16
2006	Nuculoida Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 228
2006	Nuculoida Fang
2008	Nuculoida Mikkelsen and Bieler p. 19
2008	Nuculoida Scholz et al.
2009	Nuculoida Nevesskaja
2010	Nuculida Bouchet et al.
2011	Nuculida Carter et al. p. 5
2012	Nuculida Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 32

References

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Newell N. D. (1965) Classification of the Bivalvia, American Museum Novitates 2206, 1-25

Givens C. R., Kennedy M. P. (1976) Middle Eocene mollusks from northern San Diego County, California, Journal of Paleontology 50 5, 954-975

Hayami I., Kase T. (1977) A systematic survey of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Gastropoda and Paleozoic Bivalvia from Japan, University of Tokyo Bulletin 13

Morris N. J. (1980) A new Lower Ordovician bivalve family, the Thoraliidae (? Nuculoida), interpreted as actinodont deposit feeders, Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Geology Series) 34, 265-272

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Stilwell J. D., Zinsmeister W. J. (1992) Molluscan Systematics and Biostratigraphy, Antarctic Research Series, AGU 55

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections, [http://eusmilia.geology.uiowa.edu/database/bivalves/systemat/bivaltax.htm#list]

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Spencer H. G., Willan R. C., et al (2004) Checklist of the Recent Mollusca described from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, [http://www.molluscs.otago.ac.nz/index.html]

Stilwell J. D., Zinsmeister W. J., et al (2004) Early Paleocene Mollusks of Antarctica: Systematics, Paleoecology and Paleobiogeographic Significance, Bulletins of American Paleontology 367

Bieler R., Mikkelsen P. M. (2006) Bivalvia - a look at the branches, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148, 223-235

Fang Z.-J. (2006) An introduction to Ordovician bivalves of southern China, with a discussion of the early evolution of the Bivalvia, Geological Journal 41, 303-328

Mikkelsen P. M., Bieler R. (2008) , Seashells of Southern Florida. Living marine mollusks of the Florida Keys and regions, 1-503

Scholz A., Aberhan M., et al (2008) Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 442, 269-312

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Coan E. V., Valentich-Scott P. (2012) Bivalve Seashells of Tropical West America. Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Baja California to Northern Peru, Santa Barbara museum of Natural history monographs 6, 1-1258

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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