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Heterodontiformes

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	34571	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34571

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Heterodontiformes

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
-	Selachii
superorder	Galeomorphi
order	Heterodontiformes	Berg 1940

Common Name

bullhead shark

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Heterodontiformes	suborder	belongs to Euselachii	stated without evidence	Cassier, 1966
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Selachii	stated without evidence	Applegate, 1970
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated with evidence	Thies, 1983
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Biddle, 1993
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Chondrichthyes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated with evidence	Delsate, 2003
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galea	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Kriwet, 2008
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Kriwet et al., 2009
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphi	stated with evidence	Long, 2011
Heterodontiformes	order	belongs to Galeomorphii	stated without evidence	Ebersole et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

8 (10%)

First Recorded Appearance

359 - 323 Ma
Paleozoic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Selachii)

Diet

carnivore (based on Selachii)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hybodontoidei suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Heterodontidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		142	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1940	Heterodontiformes Berg
1966	Heterodontiformes Cassier p. 51
1970	Heterodontiformes Applegate p. 393
1983	Heterodontiformes Thies p. 28
1993	Heterodontiformes Biddle p. 201
2002	Heterodontiformes Sepkoski, Jr.

Year	Name and Author
2003	Heterodontiformes Delsate p. 8
2004	Heterodontiformes Underwood and Ward p. 460
2008	Heterodontiformes Kriwet p. 236
2009	Heterodontiformes Kriwet et al. p. 320
2011	Heterodontiformes Long p. 242
2019	Heterodontiformes Ebersole et al. p. 15

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496

Applegate S. P. (1970) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, Fieldiana: Geology Memoires 3 8, 385-433

Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116

Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240

Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Kriwet J. (2008) Anew species of extinct bullhead sharks, Paracestracion viohli sp. nov. (Neoselachii, Heterodontiformes), from the Upper Jurassic of South Germany, Acta Geologica Polonica 58 2, 235-241

Kriwet J., Nunn E. V., et al (2009) Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 2, 316-347 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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