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Rugosa ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	5113	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=5113

Rank

subclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Rugosa

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
order	Rugosa

Common Name

horn coral

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Rugosa	subclass	belongs to Anthozoa	stated with evidence	Hill, 1981
Rugosa	order	belongs to Hexacorallia	implied	Veron, 2000
Rugosa	order	belongs to Anthozoa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Rugosa	subclass	belongs to Anthozoa	stated with evidence	Brownlaw and Jell, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

2,893

First Recorded Appearance

488 - 472 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Rugosa)

Vision

blind (based on Anthozoa)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Rugosa)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Rugosa)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cystiphyllida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	1,226	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Heterocorallia ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	42	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	331 Ma Carboniferous
Stauriida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	13,384	488 Ma Cambrian	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cystiphyllina ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Calceolidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Chonophyllidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	35	443 Ma Silurian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cyathactidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Evenkiellidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Huadianophyllidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Kepingophyllidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	47	304 Ma Carboniferous	265 Ma Permian
Paleocyclidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	443 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Protozaphrentidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Streptelasmidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	439 Ma Silurian
Tryplasmidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cynarina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Accurganaxon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Adinophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Agastophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Alinkioduncanella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	347 Ma Carboniferous	347 Ma Carboniferous
Allotropiocarinophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Anactolasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Antracophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aphroelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Arcocyathus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Arcoplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Asarcophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Asterodisphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Astraeophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Asturiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aulostrotion ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Axinura ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Axocricophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Barbouria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bathybalva ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Belgradeophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Beogradophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Botrophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Brochiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Calinastrea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Campsactis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cardiaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Cavilasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ceciliaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cerioelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ceriphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ceristella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Changjianggouphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Charisphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Choanoplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Complanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conilophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	371 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	371 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cosjuvia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Crassicyclus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Crassophrentis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Crateniophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Crepidophyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cuctienophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Curtastrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cyanaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cystihexagonaria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cystocantrilla ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cystodactylon ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cystolyrielasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cystostylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cyttaroplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Debnikiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Dialeptophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Dibunophylloides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Digonoclisia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dimelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dinostrophinx ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	347 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Diversiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Drewerelasma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	345 Ma Carboniferous
Duncania ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Duplocarinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	315 Ma Carboniferous	269 Ma Permian
Elasmophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ellesmerelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Ellipsocyathus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Enallophrentis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Entelophyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ericina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Exostega ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ferganophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	304 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Fomichivella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Frechastrea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	388 Ma Middle Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Fromeophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fruehwirthia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gaofengophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Gazimuria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Geyeronaotia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Gorskyella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gubbera ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gudmania ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Gurieuskiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hapsizaphrentis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hebukophyllum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hezhouphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hinganastraea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Honggulosma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Huananaxonia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Idiophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Insoliphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ipsiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Jipaolasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Joachimastraea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Keimanelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kenelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Koninckocarina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kowalaephyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kullmannophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leptelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	433 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Lesliella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Leurelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Litvolasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macgea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Majiaobaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mecloudius ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Miroelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mixogonaria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Molophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Monsteraphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Murphyphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nardophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Neepaliphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neoaspongophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neocantrilla ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neoclissiophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neogrootia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Neokeyserlingophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neopetrozium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neostringophylloides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Neotemnophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ninghuaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nordastrea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Novichuskia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Omphyma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	439 Ma Silurian	426 Ma Silurian
Orthophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pantophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Paracannia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paracolumnaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paradoxaphyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paramixogonaria ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pararachnastraea ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Parasiphonophyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Parasterophrentis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parasunophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Parathysanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parazolophyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parvaxon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	339 Ma Carboniferous	339 Ma Carboniferous
Pentaphyllia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Peronophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Phacelloplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phineus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Piceaphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Pleurophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polaroplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Poliphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polyadelphia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polydilasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polygonaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polyrophe ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Polythecalloides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Praetachylasma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	272 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Prodarwinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Protoaulacophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protocaninia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protocarcinophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protocyathophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Protowentzellia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudallotropiophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudoamplexus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	441 Ma Silurian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pseudoamygdalophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudohexagonaria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Pseudomicrocroplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudomicroplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	47	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Pseudorhabdophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Puanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Qinlingophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rachaniephyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Radiastrea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	433 Ma Silurian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Reimanelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhytidolasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Rozkowskaella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Schizophaulactis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	443 Ma Silurian	443 Ma Silurian
Schlueteriphyllum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Schreteria ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scissoplasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Segdianophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Shansiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sigelophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Smithicyathus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Soetenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sokoloviella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	423 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Solominella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Sphaerophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spissophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spongastraea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spongielasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stauromatidium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	423 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Stegophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stereodepasophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	347 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Stereodespasophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stereophrentis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stilbophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stringophylloides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stummelasma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Stylaraea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Submesofavosites ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Subutaratuia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Sutherlandia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Synamplexoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	439 Ma Silurian	439 Ma Silurian
Taiziheophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Taruphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tawuphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Tetrafossularia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Texturiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Thololasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thoulelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thryptophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Thuliocyclus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thuriantha ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thyryptophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Timanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Tjanshanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Trachylasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Trigonella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Triphyllia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Truncicarinulum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Trypacystiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tumanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tumsucophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Turbinatocanina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	339 Ma Carboniferous	339 Ma Carboniferous
Ulanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Vepresisociophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Veraephyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	433 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Vischeria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Vojnovskija ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Volgerophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Weiningophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Wenxianophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Wexolina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Weyerelasma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	326 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Xiangzhouphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	403 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Yanbianophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Yishanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Yurievstiella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zelocystiphyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zenophilia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	426 Ma Silurian	426 Ma Silurian
Zhushanophyllum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zmeinogorskia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1850	Rugosa Milne-Edwards and Haime
1866	Ptychocalamocyathus Ludwig p. 216
1866	Ptychocalamocyathus gracilis Ludwig p. 216 figs. Pl 53, fig 5
1981	Rugosa Hill
2000	Rugosa Veron p. 407
2002	Rugosa Sepkoski, Jr.
2008	Rugosa Brownlaw and Jell

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Hill D. (1981) Rugosa and Tabulata, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology 1 F

Veron J.E.N. (2000) , Corals of the World

Brownlaw R. L. S., Jell J. S. (2008) Middle and Upper Devonian rugose corals from the Canning Basin, Western Australia, Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 35, 1-126

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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