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Trigonotarbida ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	306771	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=306771

Rank

order (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Trigonotarbida

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Chelicerata	Heymons 1901
-	Euchelicerata	Weygoldt and Paulus 1979
-	Prosomapoda	Lamsdell 2013
class	Xiphosura
order	Xiphosurida	Latreille 1802
-	Planaterga	Lamsdell 2013
-	Dekatriata	Lamsdell 2013
-	Sclerophorata	Kamenz et al. 2011
class	Arachnida	Lamarck 1801
-	Pantetrapulmonata	Shultz 2007
order	Trigonotarbida	Petrunkevitch 1949

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Trigonotarbida	order	belongs to Arachnida	stated with evidence	Petrunkevitch, 1949
Trigonotarbida	order	belongs to Pantetrapulmonata	stated with evidence	Shultz, 2007

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

123

First Recorded Appearance

423 - 419 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

296 - 279 Ma
Permian

Environment

terrestrial (based on Arachnida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arachnida)

Vision

limited (based on Xiphosurida)

Diet

carnivore (based on Xiphosura)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Arachnida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. I. Petrunkevitch. 1949. A study of the structure classification and relationships of the Palaeozoic Arachnida based on the collections of the British Museum. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 37:69-315

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anthracomartidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	61	339 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Anthracosironidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	311 Ma Carboniferous
Aphantomartidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	299 Ma Carboniferous
Archaeomartidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Eophrynidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	345 Ma Carboniferous	307 Ma Carboniferous
Kreischeriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	318 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Lissomartidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Palaeocharinidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	28	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Trigonotarbidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	305 Ma Carboniferous
Aenigmatarbus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	303 Ma Carboniferous	303 Ma Carboniferous
Anthracophrynus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Areomartus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Namurotarbus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Palaeocteniza ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Palaeotarbus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	423 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Permotarbus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Tynecotarbus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1873	Termes buchi Goldenberg p. 12 figs. Pl 2, fig 9
1873	Termes hageni Goldenberg p. 12 figs. Pl 2, fig 7b
1882	Anthracomarti Karsch p. 560
1890	Anthracomarti Haase p. 650
1893	Anthracomartus woodruffi Scudder p. 9 figs. Pl I f
1895	Eurymartus spinulosus Matthew p. 276 figs. Pl 2, fig 9
1895	Eurymarti Matthew p. 277
1895	Eurymartidae Matthew p. 277
1906	Palaeodictyopteron hageni Handlirsch p. 62
1913	Trigonomartus woodruffi Petrunkevitch p. 105 figs. Pl 9, fig 52
1913	Palaeodictyopteron hageni von Schlechtendal p. 99 figs. Pl 1, fig 7; pl 8, fig 1
1919	Palaeodictyopteron hageni Handlirsch p. 536
1924	Eophrynus scharfi Scharf p. 433 fig. 95
1934	Anthracomarti Guthörl

Year	Name and Author
1934	Anthracomartus buchi Guthörl
1945	Anthracomarti Petrunkevitch p. 46
1949	Trigonotarbi Petrunkevitch p. 235
1949	Trigonomartus woodruffi Petrunkevitch p. 257
1953	Anthracomartus buchi Petrunkevitch p. 68
1953	Trigonomartus woodruffi Petrunkevitch p. 90
1953	Elaverimartus Petrunkevitch p. 92
1953	Elaverimartus pococki Petrunkevitch p. 92 figs. 96, 171
1996	Trigonotarbida Dunlop
2003	Trigonotarbida Brauckmann et al. p. 46
2007	Trigonotarbida Shultz
2014	Trigonotarbida Garwood and Dunlop p. 22
2016	Trigonotarbida Poschmann et al. p. 36

References

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1949) A study of the structure classification and relationships of the Palaeozoic Arachnida based on the collections of the British Museum, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 37, 69-315

Goldenberg F. , Fauna Saraepontana Fossilis. Die Fossilen Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrücken, 1tes Heft, 1-26

Karsch F. Ueber ein neues Spinnenthier aus der schlesischen Steinkohle und die Arachniden der Steinkohlen-formation überhaupt, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 34, 556-561

Haase E. Beiträg zur Kenntniss der fossilen Arachniden, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 42, 629-657

Scudder S. H. Insect fauna of the Rhode Island coal field, Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 101, 1-21

Matthew G. F. Organic remains of the Little River Group, no. IV, Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Second Series 1, 273-279

Handlirsch A. (1906) Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts I-IV, Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen, 1-640

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1913) A monograph of the terrestrial Palaeozoic Arachnida of North America, Transactions of the Connecticut Acadamy of Arts and Sciences 18, 1-137

von Schlechtendal D. (1913) Untersuchung über die karbonischen Insekten und Spinnen von Wettin unter Berücksichtigung verwandter Faunen. Erster Teil: Revision der Originale von Germar, Giebel und Goldenberg, Nova Acta. Abhandlungen Der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie Der Naturforscher 98, 1-186

Handlirsch A. (1919) Revision der Paläozoischen Insekten, Denkschriften der Akademie Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 96, 511-592

Guthörl P. (1934) Die Arthropoden aus dem Carbon und Perm des Saar-Nahe-Pfalz-Gebietes, Im Vertrieb bei der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt 44 4, 1-279

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1945) Palaeozoic Arachnida of Illinois. An enquiry into their evolutionary trends, Illinois State Museum, Scientific Papers 3 2, 1-72

Petrunkevitch A. I. (1953) Paleozoic and Mesozoic Arachnida of Europe, Geological Society of America Memoir 53, 1-122

Dunlop J. A. (1996) A trigonotarbid arachnid from the upper Silurian of Shropshire, Palaeontology 39 3, 615-614

Brauckmann C., Schöllmann L., et al (2003) Die fossilen Insekten, Spinnentiere und Eurypteriden von Hagen-Vorhalle, Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 59, 1-89

Shultz J. W. (2007) A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150, 221-265

Garwood R. J., Dunlop J. (2014) Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders, PeerJ 2 e641, 1-33 doi:10.7717/peerj.641

Poschmann M., Dunlop J. A., et al (2016) Carboniferous arachnids from the Graissessac Basin, Central Massif, France, PalZ 90, 33-48

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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