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Brontotheriinae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	65576	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=65576

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : Brontotheriinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Perissodactyla
family	Brontotheriidae
subfamily	Brontotheriinae	Marsh 1873

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Brontotheriinae	subfamily	belongs to Brontotheriidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Brontotheriinae	subfamily	belongs to Brontotheriidae	stated with evidence	Mader, 2008
Brontotheriinae	subfamily	belongs to Brontotheridae	stated without evidence	Mihlbachler, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

135

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser (based on Brontotheriidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

B. J. Mader. 1998. Brontotheriidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1:525-536

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Brontotheriini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	115	56.0 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Dolichorhinini ✝ tribe	listed (PBDB)	13	50.3 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Acrotitan ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Bunobrontops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Desmatotitan ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Metarhinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	22	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Protitanotherium ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	46.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Telmatherium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	15	50.3 Ma Eocene	40.4 Ma Eocene
Embolotheriita ✝ unranked clade	listed (PBDB)	19	48.6 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1873	Brontotheriinae Marsh
1902	Brontotheriinae Hay p. 633
1998	Brontotheriinae Mader p. 530
2008	Brontotheriinae Mader p. 49
2008	Brontotheriinae Mihlbachler p. 409
2011	Brontotheriinae Mihlbachler p. 203

References

Mader B. J. (1998) Brontotheriidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 525-536

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Mader B. J. (2008) A species level revision of Bridgerian and Uintan brontotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) exclusive of Palaeosyops, Zootaxa 1837, 1-85

Mihlbachler M. C. (2008) Species taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 311 1, 1-475 doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501

Mihlbachler M. C. (2011) A new uintan horned brontothere from Wyoming and the evolution of canine size and sexual dimorphism in the Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla: Mammalia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 1, 202-214 doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539653

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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