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Brontotheriidae ✝
| Description | Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla, the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. Superficially, they looked rather like rhinos, although they were actually more closely related to horses; Equidae and Brontotheriidae make up the suborder Hippomorpha. They lived around 56–34 million years ago, until the very close of the Eocene. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontotheriidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | brontothere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Brontotheriidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 172 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 56.0 - 50.3 Ma Eocene | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 28.4 - 23.0 Ma Cenozoic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Eutheria) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | browser | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | O. C. Marsh. 1873. Notice of new Tertiary mammals (continued). 5(30):485-488 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Brontothere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontotheriidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brontotheriinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 194 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Embolotheriinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Eotitanopinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 36 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Epimanteoceratinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Palaeosyopinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 66 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Acrotitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Balochititanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Brachydiastematherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Brontops genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Danjiangia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Desmatotitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Diplacodon ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Diploclonus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Duchesneodus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 25 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 40.4 Ma Eocene | |
 Embolotherium ✝genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Eotitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 36 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Epimanteoceras ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Eubrontotherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 40.4 Ma Eocene | |
| Gnathotitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Lambdotherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 81 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 50.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Megacerops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 41 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Menodus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Menops genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mesatirhinus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 50.3 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Metarhinus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Metatelmatherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Metatitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Microtitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Mulkrajanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Nanotitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Nasamplus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Notiotitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 41.3 Ma Eocene | |
| Pachytitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Pakotitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Palaeosyops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 66 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Parabrontops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
| Parvicornus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 40.4 Ma Eocene | |
| Pollyosbornia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Protembolotherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Protitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Protitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 40.4 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Rhinotitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Sivatitanops ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 11 | 41.3 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Sphenocoelus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Sthenodectes ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Symborodon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Teleodus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Telmatherium ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 15 | 50.3 Ma Eocene | 40.4 Ma Eocene | |
| Wickia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 46.2 Ma Eocene | 46.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Xylotitan ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 50.3 Ma Eocene | 50.3 Ma Eocene | |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Brontotheridae Marsh p. 486 |
| 1881 | Menodontidae Cope p. 396 |
| 1891 | Titanotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
| 1902 | Brontotheriidae Hay p. 629 |
| 1908 | Titanotheriidae Lambe |
| 1914 | Brontopinae Osborn p. 405 |
| 1935 | Brontotheriidae Schlaikjer p. 83 |
| 1958 | Brontotheridae Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg p. 21 |
| 1969 | Brontopinae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| 1969 | Brontotheridae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| 1985 | Brontotheridae Kumar and Sahni p. 153 |
| 1988 | Brontotheridae Carroll |
| 1989 | Brontotheriidae Prothero and Schoch p. 536 |
| 2004 | Brontotheridae Hooker and Dashzeveg p. 1379 |
| 2008 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 19 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 203 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Missiaen et al. p. 667 |
| 1873 | Brontotheridae Marsh p. 486 |
| 1881 | Menodontidae Cope p. 396 |
| 1891 | Titanotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
| 1902 | Brontotheriidae Hay p. 629 |
| 1908 | Titanotheriidae Lambe |
| 1913 | Titanotheriidae Scott p. 291 |
| 1914 | Brontopinae Osborn p. 405 |
| 1935 | Brontotheriidae Schlaikjer p. 83 |
| 1958 | Brontotheridae Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg p. 21 |
| 1969 | Brontopinae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1969 | Brontotheridae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| 1985 | Brontotheridae Kumar and Sahni p. 153 |
| 1988 | Brontotheridae Carroll |
| 1989 | Brontotheriidae Prothero and Schoch p. 536 |
| 2004 | Brontotheridae Hooker and Dashzeveg p. 1379 |
| 2008 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 19 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 203 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Missiaen et al. p. 667 |
| 1873 | Brontotheridae Marsh p. 486 |
| 1881 | Menodontidae Cope p. 396 |
| 1891 | Titanotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
| 1902 | Brontotheriidae Hay p. 629 |
| 1908 | Titanotheriidae Lambe |
| 1913 | Titanotheriidae Scott p. 291 |
| 1914 | Brontopinae Osborn p. 405 |
| 1935 | Brontotheriidae Schlaikjer p. 83 |
| 1958 | Brontotheridae Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg p. 21 |
| 1969 | Brontopinae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| 1969 | Brontotheridae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
| 1985 | Brontotheridae Kumar and Sahni p. 153 |
| 1988 | Brontotheridae Carroll |
| 1989 | Brontotheriidae Prothero and Schoch p. 536 |
| 2004 | Brontotheridae Hooker and Dashzeveg p. 1379 |
| 2008 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 19 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Mihlbachler p. 203 |
| 2011 | Brontotheriidae Missiaen et al. p. 667 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Nebraska, USA