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Smittina

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1005416	https://www.gbif.org/species/1005416
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	26222	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=26222

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Smittinidae : Smittina

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Smittinidae : Smittina

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
-	Polyzoa
phylum	Bryozoa	Ehrenberg 1831
class	Gymnolaemata	Allman 1856
order	Cheilostomata	Busk 1859
suborder	Neocheilostomina	d'Hondt 1985
infraorder	Ascophorina
-	Lepraliomorpha
superfamily	Smittinoidea	Levinsen 1909
family	Smittinidae	Levinsen 1909
genus	Smittina	Norman 1903

Scientific Name

Smittina Norman, 1903

Name Published In

Hincks, T. (1879). XVII.—On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3(14): 153-164.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Smittina	genus	belongs to Smittinidae	stated without evidence	Canu and Bassler, 1935
Smittina	genus	belongs to Escharellidae	stated without evidence	Pouyet, 2000
Smittina	genus	belongs to Cheilostomata	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Smittina	genus	belongs to Smittinidae	stated without evidence	Schmidt, 2003
Smittina	genus	belongs to Smittinidae	stated with evidence	Berning, 2006
Smittina	genus	belongs to Smittinidae	stated without evidence	Di Martino and Taylor, 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

12 (48%)

First Recorded Appearance

41.3 - 38.0 Ma
Eocene

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Cheilostomata)

Vision

blind (based on Gymnolaemata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Cheilostomata)

Reproduction

oviparous, brooding (based on Cheilostomata)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Smittinidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Eschara flexuosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porella denticulifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittia canavarii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittia ordinata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Smittina abditavicularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina abyssicola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina acaroensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	1.63 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina acicularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina acuminata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina affinis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina alata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina alticollarita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina altirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina ampla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina anecdota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina antarctica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina arcolata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina arctica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina areolata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina asymmetrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina azorensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina baccata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina bassleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina bathydonta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	34.3 Ma Eocene	34.3 Ma Eocene
Smittina bella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina beringia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina bidentata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina brevis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina canavarii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Smittina canui species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina cervicornis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		22	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina chilensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina collum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina confusa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina cophia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina cordata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina coronata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina crepidula ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	34.3 Ma Eocene	34.3 Ma Eocene
Smittina cribraria species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina crystallina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina ctenocondyla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina curvirostrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina denticulifera ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	38.0 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Smittina dieuzeidei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina diffidentia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina directa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina discoidea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina eagari ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Smittina ectoproctolitica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina ehrlichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina euparypha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina excertiaviculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina exclusa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina exigua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina exiqua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina ferruginea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina flexuosa species	listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina forticula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina fragaria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina glebula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina grandicella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina grandifossa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina granulosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina hatsushima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina hexagonalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina humilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina impellucida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina imragueni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina inarmata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Smittina incernicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina insulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina isabelae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina jacobensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina jacquelinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina jeddreysi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina jordii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina jullieni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina kobjakovae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina kukuiula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina kussakini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina labiata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina landsborovii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Smittina lebruni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina leptodentata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina longiuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina maccullochae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina maleposita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina malleolus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina malouinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina marionensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina messiniensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Smittina migottoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina minima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina minuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina minuta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina molarifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina monacha species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina mucronata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina muliebris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina multanguloporata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina nitida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina nitidissima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina normani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina novanglia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina obicullata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina obicullatoidea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina oblita species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina oblongata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina obscura species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina oculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina orbavicularia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina ordinata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Smittina ovirotula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina palisada species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina papillifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina papulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina parviovicelloia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina parviovicellosa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Smittina perforata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Smittina personata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pileata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pliofistulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pocilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina portiuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina protrusa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pseudoacutirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pseudocompressa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pulchra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina punctata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina puncturata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina pupa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina purpurea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	19.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina recticuloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina remotorostrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina reptans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina retifrons species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina rigida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina rogickae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina rosacea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina scrupea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina sigillata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina sitella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina smitti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina smittiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina smittiella species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina sordida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina spathulifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina spiraminifera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina stigmatophora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina subcordata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina subtubulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina telum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina terraenovae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina thompsoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina thrincota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina torques species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina trispinosa species	listed (PBDB)		4	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina tuberosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina undulimargo species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina unicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina unispinosa species	listed (PBDB)		1	1.63 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Smittina uruguayensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina uschakowi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina uttleyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Smittina vaciva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina variavicularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina veleroa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Smittina volcanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Smittia Hincks, 1879	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Smittinidae : *Smittia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1879	Smittia Hincks
1903	Smittina Norman
1935	Smittina Canu and Bassler
1952	Smittina Brown
1956	Smittina Brown
1958	Smittina Brown
1962	Smittina Cheetham p. 331

Year	Name and Author
2000	Smittina Pouyet
2002	Smittina Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Smittina Schmidt
2006	Smittina Berning p. 76
2006	Smittina Bock
2015	Smittina Di Martino and Taylor

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Canu F., Bassler R. S. (1935) New species of Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa from Victoria, Australia, Smithsonian miscellaneous collections 93 9, 1-54

Brown D. A. (1952) The Tertiary Cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New Zealand, 1-405

Brown D. A. (1956) Some Pliocene Polyzoa from South Australia, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9 104, 593-611 doi:10.1080/00222935608655864

Brown D. A. (1958) Fossil cheilostomatous polyzoa from south-west Victoria, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria 20

Cheetham A. H. (1962) Eocene bryozoa from the McBean Formation in Georgia, Micropaleontology 8 3, 323-336

Pouyet S. (2000) Les bryozoaires cheilostomes du Néogène bétique (SE Espagne), Revista Española de Paleontología 15 2, 181-202

Schmidt R. (2003) Eocene bryozoa of the St. Vincent Basin, south Australia – taxonomy, biogeography and palaeoenvironments, 1-343

Berning B. (2006) The cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Miocene of Niebla (Guadalquivir Basin, SW Spain): environmental and biogeographic implications, Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 90, 7-156

Bock P. (2006) http://bryozoa.net

Di Martino E., Taylor P. D. (2015) Miocene Bryozoa from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Part II: ‘Ascophoran’ Cheilostomata., Scripta Geologica 148, 1-142

Brunel, P.; Bosse, L.; Lamarche, G. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126. 405 p. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Clarke, A.; Johnston, N.M. (2003). Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 41: 47-114. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Gordon, D. P.; Taylor, P. D.; Bigey, F. P. (2009). Phylum Bryozoa: moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 271-297. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Howson, C.M.; Picton, B.E. (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. ISBN 0-948150-06-8. vi, 508 (+ cd-rom) pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Norman, A.M. (1903). Notes on the natural history of East Finmark. I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11:1-32, pls. 1-4. (i-1903) - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Hansson, Hans G. (2008) "MESS - Marina Evertebrater från Södra Skandinavien (Marine Invertebrates from South Scandinavia) - a teaching aid for students. Marina syd-skandinaviska ""evertebrater"", ett naturhistoriskt urval. Web-upplaga mars 2008. http://www.tmbl.gu.se/staff/HansGHanssonP.html" - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Obst, Matthias (2008) Svenska Bryozoa 080305. Excelfil. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Bryozoan homepage - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Hayward, P.J. (2001). Bryozoa, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 325-333 - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Hincks, T. (1879). XVII.—On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3(14): 153-164. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Clarke, A.; Johnston, N.M. (2003). Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 41: 47-114. - via World Register of Marine Species

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). - via World Register of Marine Species

Norman, A.M. (1903). Notes on the natural history of East Finmark. I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11:1-32, pls. 1-4. (i-1903) - via World Register of Marine Species

Bryozoan homepage - via World Register of Marine Species

Hincks, T. (1879). XVII.—On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3(14): 153-164. - via World Register of Marine Species

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 12 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Ryland, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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