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Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Description

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca; Chinese: 大熊猫; pinyin: dàxióngmāo), also known as the panda bear or simply the panda, is a bear native to south central China. It is characterised by large, black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet. Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2433399https://www.gbif.org/species/2433399
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)104016https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104016
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda : Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda : Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-UrsidaTedford 1976
superfamilyUrsoideaFischer de Waldheim 1817
familyUrsidaeGray 1825
subfamilyAiluropodinae
genusAiluropodaMilne-Edwards 1870
speciesAiluropoda melanoleucaDavid 1869
Generic NameAiluropoda
Common Namegiant panda
Scientific NameAiluropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869)
Name Published InNouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.5 p.13-Dec
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Ailuropoda melanoleucaspeciesbelongs to Ursusstated with evidenceDavid, 1869
Ailuropoda melanoleucaspeciesbelongs to Ailuropodastated with evidenceMilne-Edwards, 1870
Ailuropoda melanoleucaspeciesbelongs to Ailuropusstated with evidenceMilne-Edwards, 1871
Ailuropoda melanoleucaspeciesbelongs to Ailuropodastated without evidenceEwer, 1973
Ailuropoda melanoleucaspeciesbelongs to Ailuropodastated with evidenceChorn and Hoffman, 1978
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.78 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore, carnivore (based on Ursidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Chorn and R. S. Hoffman. 1978. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species 110:1-6
Common Name(s) Bamboo Bear, Giant Panda, Panda Bear, Parti-colored Bear, White Bear, Great Panda, Beishung, Da-xiong-mao, Hong-chun-bao, Großer Panda
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ailuropoda melanoleuca wulingshanensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Ursus melanoleucus David, 1869GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda : Ursus melanoleucus
Aeluropus melanoleucus (David, 1869)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda : Aeluropus melanoleucus
Ailuropus melanoleucus (David, 1869)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda : Ailuropus melanoleucus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1869Ursus melanoleucus David p. 13
1870Ailuropoda melanoleuca Milne-Edwards p. 1
1871Ailuropus melanoleucus Milne-Edwards p. 88
1891Aeluropus melanoleucus Flower and Lydekker p. 560
1973Ailuropoda melanoleuca Ewer
1978Ailuropoda melanoleuca Chorn and Hoffman p. 1
1999Ailuropoda melanoleuca Waits et al. p. 90
2007Ailuropoda melanoleuca Jin et al. p. 10935

References

Chorn J., Hoffman R. S. (1978) Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Mammalian Species 110, 1-6
Ewer R. F. (1973) The Carnivores, Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1973
Jin C., Ciochon R. L., et al (2007) The first skull of the earliest giant panda, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 10932-10937
(2001) website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program-03/01 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
Chorn, John, and Robert S. Hoffman (1978) Ailuropoda melanoleuca: Mammalian Species, no. 110 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Chorn, John, and Robert S. Hoffman, 1978: Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species, no. 110. 1-6. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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