Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Ailuropoda

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Ailuropoda is the only extant genus in the ursid (bear) subfamily Ailuropodinae. It contains one living and three fossil species of panda.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailuropoda, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2433398	https://www.gbif.org/species/2433398
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41304	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41304

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ailuropoda

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Ursida	Tedford 1976
superfamily	Ursoidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Ursidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Ailuropodinae
genus	Ailuropoda	Milne-Edwards 1870

Common Name

giant panda

Scientific Name

Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards, 1870

Name Published In

Milne-Edwards, Alphonse. 1870. Note sue quelques mammiferes du Thibet Oriental. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Série 5 13(10): 1.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Ailuropoda	genus	replaced by Ailuropus	stated with evidence	Milne-Edwards, 1871
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ursidae	stated without evidence	Ewer, 1973
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ailuropodini	stated without evidence	Chorn and Hoffman, 1978
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ailuropodinae	stated with evidence	Kurtén, 1985
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ailuropodinae	stated without evidence	O'Brien et al., 1986
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ursidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ursidae	stated without evidence	Salesa et al., 2006
Ailuropoda	genus	belongs to Ailuropodini	stated with evidence	Jin et al., 2007

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (33%)

First Recorded Appearance

3.60 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore, carnivore (based on Ursidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Giant Panda

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailuropoda

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Aelureidopus baconi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aeluropus fovealis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ailuropoda baconi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Ailuropoda fovealis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Ailuropoda melanoleuca species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Giant Panda	11	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ailuropoda microta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Ailuropoda wulingshanensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Aeluropus Lydekker, 1891	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : *Aeluropus*
Ailuropus Milne-Edwards, 1871	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : *Ailuropus*
Pandarctos Gervais, 1870	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : *Pandarctos*
Aeluropus Milne-Edwards, 1871	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : *Aeluropus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1870	Pandarctos Gervais p. 161
1870	Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards p. 1
1871	Ailuropus Milne-Edwards p. 88
1891	Aeluropus Flower and Lydekker p. 88
1915	Aelureidopus Woodward p. 428
1973	Ailuropoda Ewer
1978	Ailuropoda Chorn and Hoffman p. 1

Year	Name and Author
1985	Ailuropoda Kurtén p. 487
1985	Ailuropoda O'Brien et al. p. 144
1986	Ailuropoda O'Brien et al. p. 428
1986	Ailuropoda Van Valen p. 428
1988	Ailuropoda Carroll
2006	Ailuropoda Salesa et al. p. 381
2007	Ailuropoda Jin et al. p. 10935

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Woodward A. S. (1915) On the skull of an extinct mammal related to Aeluropus from a cave in the ruby mines at Mogok, Burma, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1915, 425-428

Ewer R. F. (1973) The Carnivores, Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1973

Chorn J., Hoffman R. S. (1978) Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Mammalian Species 110, 1-6

Salesa M. J., Antón M., et al (2006) Evidence of a false thumb in a fossil carnivore clarifies the evolution of pandas, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 2, 379-382

Jin C., Ciochon R. L., et al (2007) The first skull of the earliest giant panda, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 10932-10937

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

As per family (except polar bear) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 70 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 26, 2024 23:39:27

Go to top of page