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Pteronarcyidae

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Description

The Pteronarcyidae, also known as giant stoneflies or salmonflies, are a family of the order Plecoptera.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteronarcyidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2995	https://www.gbif.org/species/2995
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	206211	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=206211

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Pteronarcyidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Pteronarcyidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Polyneoptera	Martynov 1938
order	Plecoptera	Burmeister 1839
suborder	Arctoperlaria	Zwick 1973
infraorder	Systellognatha	Enderlein 1969
superfamily	Pteronarcyoidea	Newman 1853
family	Pteronarcyidae	Newman 1853

Common Name

salmonfly

Scientific Name

Pteronarcyidae

Name Published In

Newman. 1853. Proposed division of Neuroptera into two classes. Art. XXIX. The Zoologist: A Popular Miscellany of Natural History (Zoologist) 11(Appendix):clxxxii-cciv

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pteronarcyidae	family	belongs to Plecoptera	stated with evidence	Rice, 1969
Pteronarcyidae	family	belongs to Pteronarcyoidea	stated with evidence	Zwick, 2000
Pteronarcyidae	family	belongs to Systellognatha	stated without evidence	Cui et al., 2016

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

1 (33%)

First Recorded Appearance

166 - 157 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

freshwater,terrestrial (based on Plecoptera)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Plecoptera)

Vision

well-developed (based on Plecoptera)

Diet

detritivore, omnivore (based on Plecoptera)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Plecoptera)

Ontogeny

molting (based on Plecoptera)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Plecoptera)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. M. A. Rice. 1969. An Antlion (Neuroptera) and a Stonefly (Plecoptera) of Cretaceous Age from Labrador, Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 68-65:1-11

Common Name(s)

Giant Stoneflies, Salmonfly, Salmonflies

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteronarcyidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pteroliriope ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	166 Ma Middle Jurassic
Pteronarcella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pteronarcys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pteronarcinae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Pteronarcinae
Pteronarcidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Pteronarcidae
Pteronarcini	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Plecoptera : Pteronarcini

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1853	Pteronarcyidae Newman
1969	Pteronarcyidae Rice p. 7
2000	Pteronarcyidae Zwick
2016	Pteronarcyidae Cui et al. p. 3

References

Rice H. M. A. (1969) An Antlion (Neuroptera) and a Stonefly (Plecoptera) of Cretaceous Age from Labrador, Newfoundland, Geological Survey of Canada Paper 68-65, 1-11

Zwick P. (2000) Phylogenetic system and zoogeography of the Plecoptera, Annual Reviews of Entomology 45, 709-746

Cui Y. Y., Béthoux O., et al (2016) The first fossil salmonfly (Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), back to the Middle Jurassic, BMC Evolutionary Biology 16 217, 1-14

Stark, Bill P. / Robert W. Poole and Patricia Gentili, eds., 1997: Plecoptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North America, vol. 4: Non-Holometabolous Orders. 643 - 664. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Hallan, J. (2000-current). Biology Catalog. Web compilation accessible at http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (accessed June 2012). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Illies. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich – Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. (Das Tierreich) 82:253 - via Plecoptera Species File

Judson & C.R. Nelson. 2012. A Guide to Mongolian Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera). Zootaxa 3541:50 - via Plecoptera Species File

Zwick, P. 1990. In Campbell [Ed.]. Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. Proceedings of the 5th International Ephemeroptera Conference and the 9th International Plecoptera Conference. Transantarctic Relationships in the Plecoptera. Series Entomologica (Ser. Entomol.) 44:141-148 - via Plecoptera Species File

Enderlein. 1909. Klassifikation der Plecopteren sowie Diagnosen neurer Gattungen und Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Zool. Anz.) 34:386 - via Plecoptera Species File

Nelson, C.H. & Hanson. 1971. Contribution to the anatomy and phylogeny of the family Pteronarcyidae. Transaction of the American Entomological Society (Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.) 97:123-200 - via Plecoptera Species File

Sheldon. 2008. In Hauer, Stanford & Newell [Ed.]. Scale and Hierarchy in the Ecology of Stoneflies. International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography, and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 15-38 - via Plecoptera Species File

Stark & Szczytko. 1982. Egg morphology and phylogeny in Pteronarcyidae (Plecoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.) 75(519-529) - via Plecoptera Species File

Stewart & Sandberg. 2006. In Drosopoulos & Claridge. Vibratory Communication and Mate Searching Behaviour in Stoneflies. Insect Sounds and Communication: Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 184, 185 - via Plecoptera Species File

Zwick, P. 2000. Phylogenetic System and Zoogeography of the Plecoptera. Annual Review of Entomology (Annu.Rev.Entomol.) 45:728 - via Plecoptera Species File

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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