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Ichthyosauridae âśť

Description

Ichthyosauridae is an extinct family of thunnosaur ichthyosaurs from the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic (Rhaetian to Pliensbachian stages) of Europe, and possibly also from the middle Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian or Barremian stage) of Iraq. Named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte, in 1841, it is usually thought to contain a single genus, Ichthyosaurus, which is known from several species from the Early Jurassic. In 2013, Fischer et al. named and described Malawania anachronus from the middle Early Cretaceous of Iraq. It was found to share several synapomorphies with the type species of this family, Ichthyosaurus communis, and a large phylogenetic analysis recovered these species as sister taxa. Despite its geologically younger age, M. anachronus was also assigned to Ichthyosauridae.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3239024https://www.gbif.org/species/3239024
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38877https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38877
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauridae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauria : Ichthyosauridae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-IchthyosauromorphaMotani et al. 2015
-IchthyosauriformesMotani et al. 2015
-Ichthyopterygia
-EoichthyosauriaMotani 1999
-Ichthyosauria
-ParvipelviaMotani 1999
-NeoichthyosauriaSander 2000
-ThunnosauriaMotani 1999
familyIchthyosauridaeBonaparte 1841
Scientific NameIchthyosauridae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Sauriastated without evidenced'Orbigny, 1849
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Enaliosauriistated without evidenceBonaparte, 1850
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Ichthyopterygiastated with evidenceCope, 1871
Ichthyosauridaefamilysubjective synonym of Proteosauridaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Ichthyosauriastated without evidenceMerriam, 1908
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Latipinnatistated with evidenceMcGowan, 1974
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to IchthyopterygiaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Ichthyosauriastated without evidenceFernández, 1997
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Ichthyosauroideastated without evidenceMcGowan and Motani, 2003
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Thunnosauriastated with evidenceMaisch, 2010
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Ichthyosauriastated without evidenceBennett et al., 2012
Ichthyosauridaefamilybelongs to Parvipelviastated without evidenceLomax et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)20
First Recorded Appearance228 - 216 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Last Recorded Appearance122 - 112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Ichthyosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ichthyosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Ichthyosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Ichthyosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Ichthyosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Ichthyosaur
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyosauridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Caypullisaurus âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3151 Ma
Late Jurassic
145 Ma
Late Jurassic
Ichthyosaurus âśť
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
85228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ophthalmosaurus âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
26201 Ma
Early Jurassic
140 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Protoichthyosaurus âśť
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2201 Ma
Early Jurassic
201 Ma
Early Jurassic

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1841Ichthyosauridae Bonaparte
1849Ichthyosauridae d'Orbigny p. 209
1850Ichthyosauridae Bonaparte p. 1
1871Ichthyosauridae Cope p. 235
1875Ichthyosauridae Cope p. 15
1886Ichthyosauridae GĂĽnther p. 442
1889Ichthyosauridae Lydekker p. 6
1908Ichthyosauridae Merriam p. 88
1967Ichthyosauridae Appleby p. 137
YearName and Author
1974Ichthyosauridae McGowan p. 6
1988Ichthyosauridae Carroll
1997Ichthyosauridae Fernández p. 480
2000Ichthyosauridae Storrs et al. p. 196
2003Ichthyosauridae McGowan and Motani
2010Ichthyosauridae Maisch
2012Ichthyosauridae Bennett et al.
2015Ichthyosauridae Lomax and Massare
2017Ichthyosauridae Lomax et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematum Herpetologiae et Amphibiologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the systems of reptiles and amphibians. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1
Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
Lydekker R. , Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Part II. Containing the orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauropterygia
Merriam J. C. (1908) Triassic Ichthyosauria, Memoirs of the University of California 1 1, 1-155
Appleby R. M. (1967) The reptile families Ichthyosauridae and Ophthalmosauridae, Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 1640, 137-138
McGowan C. (1974) A revision of the latipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria), Life Sciences Contribution Royal Ontario Museum 100, 1-30
Fernández M. S. (1997) A new Ichthyosaur from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of the Neuquen Basin, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Paleontology 71 3, 479-484
Storrs G. W., Arkhangel'skii M. S., et al (2000) Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics, The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 187-210
Maisch M. W. (2010) Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art, Palaeodiversity 3, 151-214
Bennett S. P., Barrett P. M., et al (2012) A new specimen of Ichthyosaurus communis from Dorset, UK, and its bearing on the stratigraphical range of the species, Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123, 146-154
Lomax D. R., Massare J. A. (2015) A new species of Ichthyosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of west Dorset, England, U.K, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e903260, 1-14 doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.903260
Lomax D. R., Massare J. A., et al (2017) The taxonomic utility of forefin morphology in Lower Jurassic ichthyosaurs: Protoichthyosaurus and Ichthyosaurus, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 5, e1361433 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1361433
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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