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Balanocrinus ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3250041	https://www.gbif.org/species/3250041
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	32600	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=32600

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Isocrinida : Isocrinidae : Balanocrinus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Crinozoa	Matsumoto 1929
class	Crinoidea	Miller 1821
subclass	Pentacrinoidea	Jaekel 1918
infraclass	Inadunata
-	Cladida
-	Eucladida	Wright 2017
infraorder	Articulata
order	Isocrinida	Sieverts-Doreck 1952
suborder	Isocrinina	Gilsén
family	Isocrinidae	Gislén 1924
subfamily	Balanocrininae	Roux 1981
genus	Balanocrinus	Agassiz 1847

Scientific Name

Balanocrinus Agassiz, 1847

Name Published In

in Desor, Bull. Soc. Sci. Neuchâtel, 1 (1845)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Balanocrinus	subgenus	belongs to Pentacrinus	stated without evidence	Oppenheim, 1902
Balanocrinus	genus	belongs to Balanocrininae	stated with evidence	Jäger, 1985
Balanocrinus	genus	belongs to Isocrinida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Balanocrinus	genus	belongs to Balanocrininae	stated with evidence	Hess and Gale, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

247 - 242 Ma
Triassic

Last Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

stationary, attached (based on Isocrinidae)

Vision

blind (based on Crinoidea)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Isocrinidae)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Crinoidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Balanocrinus africanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Balanocrinus antiquus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus changarnieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus cubensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Balanocrinus diegoensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus haitiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus marioni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus mexicanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus moniliferus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		8	190 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Balanocrinus pernaldensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus peroni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balanocrinus quiaiosensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	197 Ma Early Jurassic	197 Ma Early Jurassic
Balanocrinus smithi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Balanocrinus subsulcatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		11	197 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Balanocrinus subteres ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Balanocrinus valettei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pentacrinites moniliferus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pentacrinites subsulcatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pentacrinites subteres species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1847	Balanocrinus Agassiz
1902	Pentacrinus (Balanocrinus) Oppenheim p. 450
1985	Balanocrinus Jäger p. 117
2002	Balanocrinus Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Balanocrinus Hess and Gale p. 435

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Oppenheim P. (1902) Ueber die Fossilien der Blättermergel von Theben, Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 32, 435-456

Jäger M. (1985) Die Crinoiden aus dem Pliensbachium (mittlerer Lias) von Rottorf am Klei und Empelde (Süd-Niedersachsen), Bericht der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover 128, 71-151

Hess H., Gale A. S. (2010) Crinoids from the Shenley Limestone (Albian) of Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, UK, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 3, 427-447

Nomenclator Zoologicus (authority adjusted) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

in Desor, Bull. Soc. Sci. Neuchâtel, 1 (1845) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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