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Trinucleidae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Cryptolithoides ulrichi

Murray County, Oklahoma, USA

Cryptolithus tesselatus

Québec, Canada

Cryptolithus bellulus

Swatara State Park, Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, USA

Cryptolithoides ulrichi

Murray County, Oklahoma, USA

Cryptolithus tesselatus

Québec, Canada

Cryptolithus bellulus

Swatara State Park, Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, USA

Cryptolithoides ulrichi

Murray County, Oklahoma, USA

Cryptolithus tesselatus

Québec, Canada

Description

Trinucleidae is a family of small to average size asaphid trilobites that first occurred at the start of the Ordovician and became extinct at the end of that period. It contains approximately 227 species divided over 51 genera in 5 subfamilies. The most conspicuous character is the wide perforated fringe of the head.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3267107	https://www.gbif.org/species/3267107
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	85372	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=85372

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Trinucleidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
order	Asaphida	Salter 1864
superfamily	Trinucleoidea	Hawle and Corda 1847
family	Trinucleidae	Hawle and Corda 1847

Scientific Name

Trinucleidae

Name Published In

Prodrom Mon. böhm. Trilob.: 36 (also published in 1848 in Abh. Königl.-böhm. Ges. Wiss., (5)5: 152)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Trinucleidae	family	belongs to Trinucleina	stated without evidence	Harrington and Leanza, 1957
Trinucleidae	family	belongs to Asaphida	stated without evidence	Dean, 1983
Trinucleidae	family	belongs to Asaphida	stated with evidence	Whittington et al., 1997
Trinucleidae	family	belongs to Trinucleoidea	stated with evidence	Adrain, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

513 - 501 Ma
Cambrian

Last Recorded Appearance

443 - 433 Ma
Silurian

Environment

marine (based on Trilobita)

Motility

fast-moving (based on Asaphida)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ontogeny

molting,addition of parts (based on Trilobita)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 4 of 4 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 4 of 4 share 10 to < 100 width.
JA: "utilized a cephalic [filter] feeding chamber" according to Fortey and Owens 1999

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite, chitin (based on Trilobita)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

W.T. Dean. 1983. Additional faunal data for the Bedinan Formation (Ordovician) of south-eastern Turkey. Special Papers in Palaeontology 30:89-105

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cryptolithinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	48	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Hanchungolithinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	16	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	470 Ma Middle Ordovician
Marrolithinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Tretaspidinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Trinucleinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	210	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Anebolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	464 Ma Middle Ordovician
Bergamia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Bettonolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	464 Ma Middle Ordovician
Botrioides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Broeggerolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	48	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Cryptolithoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Cryptolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	189	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Deanaspis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Declivolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	458 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Decordinaspis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Eotrinucleus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	499 Ma Cambrian	499 Ma Cambrian
Famatinolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Furcalithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Guandacolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	443 Ma Silurian
Gymnostomix ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Hanchungolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	26	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Incaia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Kimakaspis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	458 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lloydolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	466 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lordshillia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Marekolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Marrolithoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Marrolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	39	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Myinda ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Myindella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Myttonia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Nankinolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	48	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Ningkianolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	29	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Novaspis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Onnia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	43	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	446 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Parkesolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Protolloydolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Reedolithus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Reuscholithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	458 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Salterolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Stapeleyella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	26	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	464 Ma Middle Ordovician
Tretaspis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	207	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Trinucleus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	458 Ma Middle Ordovician
Xiushuilithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Yinpanolithus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1847	Trinucleidae Hawle and Corda
1957	Trinucleidae Harrington and Leanza
1983	Trinucleidae Dean
1997	Trinucleidae Whittington et al. p. 301
2011	Trinucleidae Adrain p. 107

References

Dean W.T. (1983) Additional faunal data for the Bedinan Formation (Ordovician) of south-eastern Turkey, Special Papers in Palaeontology 30, 89-105

Harrington H. J., Leanza A. F. (1957) Ordovician trilobites of Argentina, Department of Geology, University of Kansas Special Publication. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press 1, 1-276

Whittington H. B., Chatterton B. D. E., et al (1997) Trilobita. Introduction, Order Agnostina, Order Redlichiida. Volume 1, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology O, 1-530

Adrain J. M. (2011) Class Trilobita Walch, 1771, Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness 3148, 104-109

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 505 Validation under the Plenary Powers of the generic names Trinucleus Murchison, 1839 and Tretaspis M C Coy, 1849 (class Trilobita).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 18(8), 157-176 (1958) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

extinct group - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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