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Pteronarctos âśť

Description

Pteronarctos is a genus of basal pinnipediform from middle Miocene marine deposits in Oregon.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4572992https://www.gbif.org/species/4572992
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36950https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36950
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pteronarctos
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pteronarctos
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
genusPteronarctosBarnes 1989
Scientific NamePteronarctos Barnes, 1989
Name Published InContrib Sci (Los Ang) No. 403
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Enaliarctinaestated without evidenceBarnes, 1989
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipediformesstated without evidenceBerta, 1994
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to PhocoideaimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Carnivorasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipediformesstated without evidenceBerta, 2002
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipediformesstated with evidenceDeméré et al., 2003
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Enaliarctinaestated without evidenceBarnes, 2008
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipediformesstated with evidenceBerta, 2009
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipedimorphastated with evidenceBoessenecker and Churchill, 2015
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipedimorphastated without evidenceBerta, 2017
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipedimorphastated with evidenceBerta, 2018
Pteronarctosgenusbelongs to Pinnipedimorphastated without evidenceKienle and Berta, 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance20.4 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance16.0 - 11.6 Ma
Miocene
Environmentcoastal (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)L. G. Barnes. 1989. A new enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Contributions in Science 403:1-26
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteronarctos

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pteronarctos goedertae âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
320.4 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Pteronarctos piersoni âśť
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
220.4 Ma
Miocene
20.4 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1989Pteronarctos Barnes p. 3
1990Pteronarctos Barnes p. 2
1994Pteronarctos Berta p. 2
1997Pteronarctos McKenna and Bell p. 253
2002Pteronarctos Berta p. 923
2002Pteronarctos Sepkoski, Jr.
2003Pteronarctos Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
YearName and Author
2008Pteronarctos Barnes p. 528
2009Pteronarctos Berta p. 863
2015Pteronarctos Boessenecker and Churchill
2017Pteronarctos Berta p. 155
2018Pteronarctos Berta p. 712
2019Pteronarctos Kienle and Berta

References

Barnes L. G. (1989) A new enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora), Contributions in Science 403, 1-26
Barnes L. G. (1990) A new Miocene enaliarctine pinniped of the genus Pteronarctos (Mammalia: Otariidae) from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, Contributions in Science 422, 1-20
Berta A. (1994) New specimens of the pinnipediform Pteronarctos from the Miocene of Oregon, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 78, 1-30
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76
Barnes L. G. (2008) Otarioidea, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 523-541
Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868
Boessenecker R. W., Churchill M. (2015) The oldest known fur seal, Biology Letters doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0835
Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198
Berta A. (2018) Pinniped evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 712-722
Kienle S. S., Berta A. (2019) The evolution of feeding strategies in phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1559172
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Contrib Sci (Los Ang) No. 403 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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