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Spyroceras ✝

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Description

Spyroceras is a genus of pseudorthocerids from the Devonian of North America and Europe, defined by Hyatt in 1884. Pseudorthocerids are a kind of orthocertaoid, a taxonomic group within the Nautiloidea. Specifically Spyroceras belongs to the pseudorthocerid family, Spyroceratidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyroceras, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4622125	https://www.gbif.org/species/4622125
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	12603	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=12603

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Pseudorthoceratidae : Spyroceras

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Pseudorthocerida : Spyroceratidae : Spyroceras

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
order	Pseudorthocerida	Barskov 1968
family	Spyroceratidae	Shimizu and Obata 1935
genus	Spyroceras	Hyatt 1884

Scientific Name

Spyroceras Hyatt, 1884

Name Published In

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 22

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Spyroceras	genus	belongs to Kionoceratidae	stated with evidence	Strand, 1934
Spyroceras	genus	belongs to Pseudorthoceratidae	stated with evidence	Flower, 1945
Spyroceras	genus	belongs to Spyroceratinae	stated with evidence	Sweet, 1964
Spyroceras	genus	belongs to Kionoceratidae	stated with evidence	Dzik and Kiselev, 1995
Spyroceras	genus	belongs to Spyroceratidae	stated with evidence	Kröger, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

472 - 458 Ma
Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

365 - 361 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian

Motility

fast-moving (based on Cephalopoda)

Vision

well-developed (based on Cephalopoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Cephalopoda)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Cephalopoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyroceras

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Orthoceras bilineatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthoceras clathratoannulatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthoceras crotalum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthoceras damesii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orthoceras patronus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras anticostiense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras baffinense ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Spyroceras barbense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras beauportense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras bilineatum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		8	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Spyroceras boreale ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras chaleurense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras chambliense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Spyroceras chicottense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras clarkei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras clathratoannulatum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		8	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Spyroceras crotalum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Spyroceras cyrtopatronus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Spyroceras damesi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	423 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Spyroceras distoannulatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras falsum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras ferum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras fukuijense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras geneva species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras giganteum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras goldringae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras incarceratum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras latepatronus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Spyroceras laurensense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras magnosiphonatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras mcfarlani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras microcancellatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras microlineatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras microtextile species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras middlevillense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras northropi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras olorus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spyroceras patronus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		9	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Spyroceras perlaeve ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	456 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	450 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Spyroceras rudens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras ruedemanni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras staffordense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras tenuiclathratum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras textumarenaceum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	452 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Spyroceras thester species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras tullyense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras twenholfeli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras vaurealense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras whitcombi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spyroceras williamsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1884	Spyroceras Hyatt
1934	Spyroceras Strand
1945	Spyroceras Flower p. 703
1964	Spyroceras Sweet
1995	Spyroceras Dzik and Kiselev p. 67
2008	Spyroceras Kröger

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Strand T. (1934) The Upper Ordovician Cephalopods of the Oslo Area, Norsk geologiske Tidsskrift 14, 1-117

Flower R. H. (1945) Classification of Devonian Nautiloids, American Midland Naturalist 33 3, 675-724

Dzik J., Kiselev G. N. (1995) The Baltic nautiloids Cyrtoceras ellipticum Lossen 1860, C. priscum Eichwald 1861, and Orthoceras damesi Krause 1877, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 69 1/2, 61-71

Kröger B. (2008) Nautiloids before and during the ammonoid origin in a Siluro–Devonian section of the Tafilalt (Morocco), Special Papers in Palaeontology 79, 1-110

Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 22 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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