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Gerarus ✝

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Description

Gerarus is an extinct genus of Archaeorthopteran insect, and is one of the most abundant genera of Carboniferous insects. They had a wingspan of up to 10 centimetres (4 in), and an inflated thorax armed with sharp spines up to 1 millimetre (0.04 in) long.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerarus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4683143	https://www.gbif.org/species/4683143
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	191751	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=191751

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protorthoptera : Gerarus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Geraridae : Gerarus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

doubtful

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Polyneoptera	Martynov 1938
superorder	Orthopterida	Boudreaux 1979
-	Panorthoptera	Crampton 1928
family	Geraridae	Scudder 1885
genus	Gerarus	Scudder 1885

Scientific Name

Gerarus Scudder, 1885

Name Published In

Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 3

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Gerarus	genus	belongs to Geraridae	stated with evidence	Scudder, 1885

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

315 Ma
Carboniferous

Last Recorded Appearance

304 - 299 Ma
Carboniferous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

S. H. Scudder. 1885. Palaeodictyoptera; or the affinities and classification of Paleozoic Hexapoda. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 3(11):319-351

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerarus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Gerarus bruesi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gerarus collaris ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus constrictus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus danielsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus fischeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus mazonus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus symmetricus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus teutonicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gerarus vetus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Rossites Richardson, 1956	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protorthoptera : *Rossites*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1885	Sthenaropoda Brongniart p. 59
1885	Genopteryx Scudder p. 327
1885	Gerarus Scudder p. 344
1906	Sthenaropoda Handlirsch p. 141
1906	Gerarus Handlirsch p. 147
1906	Genopteryx Handlirsch p. 148
1909	Archaeacridites Meunier p. 39
1911	Gerarus Handlirsch
1919	Genopteryx Handlirsch p. 540
1919	Gerarus Handlirsch p. 540

Year	Name and Author
1919	Sthenaropoda Handlirsch p. 548
1922	Gerarus Handlirsch p. 74
1922	Genopteryx Handlirsch p. 75
1922	Sthenaropoda Handlirsch p. 83
1956	Genopteryx Richardson p. 43
1956	Rossites Richardson p. 44
1968	Sthenaropoda Sharov
1992	Gerarus Carpenter p. 122
2002	Gerarus Béthoux and Nel p. 34

References

Scudder S. H. Palaeodictyoptera; or the affinities and classification of Paleozoic Hexapoda, Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 3 11, 319-351

Brongniart C. Les insectes fossiles des terrains primaires. Coup d'oeil rapide sur la fauna entomologique des terrains paléozoïques, Bulletin de la Société des Amis des Sciences Naturelles de Rouen 21 3, 50-68

Handlirsch A. (1906) Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts I-IV, Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen, 1-640

Meunier F. (1909) Nouveaux insectes du Stéphanien de Commentry (cinquième note), Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 15, 37-40

Handlirsch A. (1911) New Paleozoic insects from the vicinity of Mazon Creek, Illinois, American Journal of Science, Series 4 31, 297-326

Handlirsch A. (1919) Revision der Paläozoischen Insekten, Denkschriften der Akademie Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 96, 511-592

Handlirsch A. (1922) Insecta Palaeozoica, Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia 16, 1-230

Richardson E. S. (1956) Pennsylvanian Invertebrates of the Mazon Creek Area, Illinois, Fieldiana: Geology 12 2, 3-76

Sharov A. G. (1968) Filogeniya ortopteroidnykh nasekomykh, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 118, 1-216

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Béthoux O., Nel A. (2002) Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister\r\ngroups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov., Zootaxa 96, 1-88

Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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