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Lystrosaurus ✝
| Description | Lystrosaurus ('shovel lizard'; proper Greek is λίστρον lístron ‘tool for leveling or smoothing, shovel, spade, hoe’) was a herbivorous genus of Late Permian and Early Triassic Period dicynodont therapsids, which lived around 250 million years ago in what is now Antarctica, India, China, Mongolia, European Russia and South Africa. Four to six species are currently recognized, although from the 1930s to 1970s the number of species was thought to be much higher. They ranged in size from that of a small dog to 2.5 meters long. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrosaurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Lystrosaurus Cope, 1870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 265 - 260 Ma Permian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last Recorded Appearance | 251 - 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Amniota) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | herbivore | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | R. Broom. 1913. A revision of the reptiles of the Karroo. Annals of the South African Museum 7(6):361-366 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrosaurus |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dicynodon curvatus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dicynodon murrayi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus amphibius species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus bothai species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus breyeri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus broomi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus curvatus ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 19 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus declivis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 25 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus georgi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus hedini ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus jeppei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus jorisseni species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus maccaigi ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 14 | 260 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus mccaigi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus murrayi ✝ species | listed (PBDB) | 45 | 260 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus oviceps species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus platyceps ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus primitivus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus putterilli species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus robustus ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 254 Ma Permian | 254 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus rubidgei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus shichanggouensis ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
| Lystrosaurus theileri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus wageri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus wagneri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lystrosaurus youngi ✝ species | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 252 Ma Permian | 252 Ma Permian | |
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ptychognathus (Owen, 1860) | GBIF | genus | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Ptychognathus |
| Dicynodon seeleyi Broili, 1908 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Dicynodon seeleyi |
| Dicynodon strigops (Broom, 1913) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Dicynodon strigops |
| Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Young, 1939 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Lystrosaurus weidenreichi |
| Prolystrosaurus strigops (Broom, 1913) | GBIF | species | Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Lystrosauridae : Prolystrosaurus strigops |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1860 | Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) Owen p. 49 |
| 1861 | Ptychognathus Owen p. 256 |
| 1870 | Lystrosaurus Cope |
| 1890 | Ptychosiagum Lydekker |
| 1903 | Lystrosaurus Broom |
| 1908 | Dicynodon seeleyi Broili |
| 1913 | Dicynodon strigops Broom |
| 1913 | Lystrosaurus Broom |
| 1917 | Prolystrosaurus Haughton |
| 1917 | Prolystrosaurus strigops Haughton |
| 1939 | Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Young p. 127 figs. 1-9 |
| 1940 | Lystrosaurus Efremov p. 131 |
| 1965 | Lystrosaurus Cox |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1965 | Prolystrosaurus Cox |
| 1973 | Lystrosaurus Sun p. 65 |
| 1988 | Lystrosaurus King |
| 1997 | Lystrosaurus King and Jenkins p. 150 |
| 2000 | Lystrosaurus Battail and Surkov |
| 2002 | Lystrosaurus Maisch |
| 2005 | Lystrosaurus Surkov et al. |
| 2008 | Lystrosaurus Ivakhnenko |
| 2008 | Lystrosaurus Li and Sun p. 389 |
| 2008 | Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Li and Sun p. 392 |
| 2009 | Lystrosaurus Kammerer and Angielczyk |
| 2011 | Lystrosaurus Kammerer et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
