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Trogonophidae

Description

Trogonophidae (Palearctic worm lizards or desert ringed lizards) is a small family of amphisbaenians, containing five species in four genera. Trogonophids are found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and western Iran. They are limbless, carnivorous, lizard-like reptiles highly modified for burrowing. They construct their tunnels with an oscillating motion that forces soil into the walls. Unlike other amphisbaenians, their teeth are fused to their jaws, rather than lying in a groove.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4820619https://www.gbif.org/species/4820619
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)202962https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=202962
Rankfamily (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Trogonophidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
infraorderAmphisbaeniaGray 1844
-AmphisbaeniformesLongrich et al. 2015
familyTrogonophidae
Scientific NameTrogonophidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Trogonophidaefamilybelongs to Ophiosauristated with evidenceCope, 1871
Trogonophidaesubfamilybelongs to Amphisbaenidaestated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Trogonophidaefamilybelongs to Amphisbaeniastated with evidenceEstes, 1983
Trogonophidaefamilybelongs to Amphisbaeniastated without evidenceFrank and Ramus, 1996
Trogonophidaeunranked cladebelongs to Amphisbaenoideastated with evidenceKearney, 2003
Trogonophidaeunranked cladebelongs to Amphisbaeniformesstated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2015
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)6
Extant Size (PBDB)3 (50%)
First Recorded Appearance28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amphisbaenia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore (based on Amphisbaenia)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. Estes. 1983. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A:1-249
Common Name(s) Palearctic Worm Lizards
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trogonophidae

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Agamodon
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Diplometopon
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Pachycalamus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Palaeoblanus âśť
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
828.4 Ma
Oligocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Trogonophis
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
13.60 Ma
Pliocene
0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Trogonophiidae GBIFfamilyAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Trogonophiidae

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1865Trogonophidae Gray
1871Trogonophidae Cope p. 237
1875Trogonophidae Cope p. 20
1966Trogonophinae Kuhn p. 69
1983Trogonophidae Estes
1996Trogonophidae Frank and Ramus
2003Trogonophidae Kearney
2015Trogonophidae Longrich et al.

References

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249
Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377
Kearney M. (2003) Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from Recent and fossil forms, Herpetological Monographs 17, 1-74
Longrich N. R., Vinther J., et al (2015) Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 282, 20143034 doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034
Kearney, Maureen, 2003: Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs, vol. 17. 1-74. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Systema Naturae 2000 (2006 version) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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