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Stegosaurus ✝

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Stegosaurus armatus

Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Stegosaurus armatus

Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Stegosaurus stenops

Stegosaurus armatus

Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Stegosaurus stenops

Stegosaurus armatus

Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Stegosaurus armatus

Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA

Description

Stegosaurus, from Greek stegos (στέγος) which means roof and sauros (σαῦρος) which means lizard, is a genus of herbivorous thyreophoran dinosaur. Fossils of this genus date to the Late Jurassic period, where they are found in Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian aged strata, between 155 and 150 million years ago, in the western United States and Portugal. Of the species that have been classified in the upper Morrison Formation of the western US, only three are universally recognized; S. stenops, S. ungulatus and S. sulcatus. The remains of over 80 individual animals of this genus have been found. Stegosaurus would have lived alongside dinosaurs such as Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Allosaurus, and Ceratosaurus; the latter two may have preyed on it.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stegosaurus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4823127	https://www.gbif.org/species/4823127
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38814	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38814

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Ornithischia
-	Genasauria	Sereno 1986
-	Thyreophora
-	Stegosauria
family	Stegosauridae	Marsh 1880
genus	Stegosaurus	Marsh 1877

Scientific Name

Stegosaurus Marsh, 1877

Name Published In

Marsh, Othniel C. 1877. New order of extinct Reptilia (Stegosauria) from the Jurassic of the Rocky Mountains. The American Journal of Science, Series 3 14: 513–514.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1877
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Sauroscelida	stated without evidence	Williston, 1878
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1880
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Quenstedt, 1882
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Sauvage, 1882
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Dollo, 1885
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1885
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1887
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1892
Stegosaurus	genus	subjective synonym of Hypsirophus	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1893
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Marsh, 1895
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauri	stated without evidence	Gadow, 1897
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauri	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Tornier, 1913
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Gilmore, 1914
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Hennig, 1915
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Lambe, 1918
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Lull, 1924
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Piveteau, 1926
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated with evidence	Nopcsa, 1928
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Chakravarti, 1934
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	implied	Romer, 1956
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated without evidence	Hoffstetter and Brun, 1958
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Young, 1959
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Delair, 1960
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Kuhn, 1964
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	implied	Romer, 1966
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Swinton, 1970
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated without evidence	Dong et al., 1983
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Russell, 1984
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1986
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1986
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated without evidence	Zhou, 1986
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Galton, 1990
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Miller et al., 1991
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Blows, 2001
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Galton and Upchurch, 2004
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauria	stated without evidence	Chure et al., 2006
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Maidment et al., 2006
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated without evidence	Escaso et al., 2007
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated with evidence	Maidment et al., 2008
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated with evidence	Mateus et al., 2009
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosauridae	stated without evidence	Mateus and Milàn, 2010
Stegosaurus	genus	belongs to Stegosaurinae	stated without evidence	Ulansky, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

164 - 152 Ma
Jurassic

Last Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ornithischia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Diet

herbivore (based on Ornithischia)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Ornithischia)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Ornithischia)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Ornithischia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

O. C. Marsh. 1877. A new order of extinct Reptilia (Stegosauria) from the Jurassic of the Rocky Mountains. American Journal of Science and Arts 14:513-514

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stegosaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Stegosaurus armatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stegosaurus homheni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stegosaurus mjosi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stegosaurus stenops ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	157 Ma Jurassic	157 Ma Jurassic
Stegosaurus sulcatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stegosaurus ungulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	161 Ma Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Stegosaurus duplex Marsh, 1887	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Stegosaurus duplex*
Hypsirophus discurus (Cope, 1878)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Hypsirophus discurus*
Stegosaurus affinis Marsh, 1881	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Stegosaurus affinis*
Diracodon laticeps Marsh, 1881	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Diracodon laticeps*
Hypsirhophus seeleyanus (Cope, 1879)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Hypsirhophus seeleyanus*
Hysirophus Cope, 1878	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : *Hysirophus*
Stegosaurus seeleyanus (Cope, 1879)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Stegosaurus seeleyanus*
Stegosaurus discurus (Cope, 1878)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Stegosaurus discurus*
Hypsirhophus discurus (Cope, 1878)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Stegosauridae : Stegosaurus : *Hypsirhophus discurus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1877	Stegosaurus Marsh
1877	Stegosaurus armatus Marsh
1878	Hypsirophus Cope
1878	Hypsirophus discurus Cope
1878	Hypsirophus Cope p. 389
1878	Hypsirophus discurus Cope p. 389
1878	Stegosaurus armatus King p. 346
1878	Stegosaurus Williston p. 45
1879	Hypsirhophus seeleyanus Cope
1880	Stegosaurus Marsh p. 259
1881	Diracodon Marsh
1881	Diracodon laticeps Marsh
1881	Stegosaurus Marsh
1881	Stegosaurus affinis Marsh
1881	Diracodon Marsh p. 421
1881	Diracodon laticeps Marsh p. 421
1882	Stegosaurus Quenstedt p. 188
1882	Diracodon Sauvage p. 35
1882	Stegosaurus Sauvage p. 35
1884	Diracodon Dollo p. 298
1884	Stegosaurus Dollo p. 298
1884	Diracodon Marsh p. 68
1884	Stegosaurus Marsh p. 68
1885	Stegosaurus Dollo p. 39
1885	Diracodon Marsh p. 764
1885	Stegosaurus Marsh p. 764
1887	Diracodon Marsh p. 416
1887	Diracodon laticeps Marsh p. 416
1887	Stegosaurus Marsh pp. 416-417
1887	Stegosaurus duplex Marsh p. 416
1889	Stegosaurus Dollo p. 678
1890	Hypsirhophus Zittel p. 726
1890	Stegosaurus Zittel p. 744
1890	Diracodon Zittel p. 748
1890	Diracodon laticeps Zittel p. 748
1890	Stegosaurus duplex Zittel p. 748
1892	Diracodon Marsh
1892	Stegosaurus Marsh
1893	Stegosaurus Marsh p. 437
1893	Stegosaurus Winkler p. 105
1893	Stegosaurus armatus Winkler p. 105
1893	Stegosaurus duplex Winkler p. 105
1893	Diracodon Winkler p. 107
1895	Diracodon Marsh
1895	Stegosaurus Marsh
1896	Diracodon laticeps Marsh p. 193
1896	Stegosaurus duplex Marsh p. 193
1896	Diracodon Marsh p. 242
1896	Stegosaurus Marsh p. 242
1897	Stegosaurus Gadow p. 205
1898	Stegosaurus Gadow p. 22
1901	Stegosaurus Gadow p. 425
1902	Stegosaurus Hay p. 495
1902	Stegosaurus armatus Hay p. 495
1902	Diracodon Hay p. 496
1902	Diracodon laticeps Hay p. 496
1902	Stegosaurus affinis Hay p. 496
1902	Stegosaurus discurus Hay p. 496
1902	Stegosaurus duplex Hay p. 496
1902	Stegosaurus seeleyanus Hay p. 496
1902	Stegosaurus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxx
1909	Hypsirhophus Huene p. 16
1909	Diracodon Huene p. 17
1909	Stegosaurus Huene p. 17
1911	Hypsirhophus von Zittel p. 283
1911	Stegosaurus von Zittel p. 293
1911	Diracodon von Zittel p. 294
1913	Stegosaurus Tornier p. 373
1914	Stegosaurus Gilmore p. 101
1914	Stegosaurus armatus Gilmore p. 104
1915	Stegosaurus Hennig p. 10
1915	Stegosaurus armatus Hennig p. 10
1915	Hypsirhophus seeleyanus Hennig p. 11
1915	Hypsirophus discurus Hennig p. 11
1918	Stegosaurus Lambe p. 32
1922	Stegosaurus Joleaud p. 63
1924	Stegosaurus Lull p. 242
1926	Stegosaurus Piveteau p. 36
1928	Diracodon Nopcsa p. 185

Year	Name and Author
1928	Stegosaurus Nopcsa p. 185
1931	Stegosaurus armatus Johnson p. 358
1934	Stegosaurus Chakravarti p. 78
1956	Stegosaurus Romer p. 634
1958	Stegosaurus Hoffstetter and Brun p. 71
1959	Stegosaurus Young pp. 7-8
1960	Stegosaurus Delair p. 88
1964	Stegosaurus Kuhn p. 37
1964	Stegosaurus armatus Kuhn p. 37
1964	Stegosaurus affinis Kuhn p. 38
1964	Stegosaurus discurus Kuhn p. 38
1964	Stegosaurus seeleyanus Kuhn p. 38
1964	Stegosaurus Tatarinov p. 572
1966	Stegosaurus Romer p. 370
1970	Stegosaurus Swinton p. 236
1973	Wuerhosaurus Dong p. 50
1977	Stegosaurus Galton p. 230
1979	Stegosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5
1980	Stegosaurus Galton p. 832
1981	Wuerhosaurus Galton p. 43
1981	Stegosaurus McIntosh p. 35
1983	Stegosaurus Dong et al. p. 137
1983	Wuerhosaurus Dong et al. p. 137
1983	Wuerhosaurus Zhao p. 304
1983	Stegosaurus Zhou p. 26
1984	Stegosaurus Russell p. 23
1986	Stegosaurus Bonaparte p. 84
1986	Stegosaurus Sereno
1986	Wuerhosaurus Sereno
1986	Stegosaurus Zhou p. 36
1986	Wuerhosaurus Zhou p. 36
1988	Stegosaurus Carroll
1988	Wuerhosaurus Carroll
1990	Stegosaurus armatus Bakker p. 2
1990	Wuerhosaurus Dong p. 262
1990	Stegosaurus Galton
1990	Wuerhosaurus Galton
1991	Stegosaurus Miller et al. p. 40
1992	Wuerhosaurus Dong p. 166
1994	Wuerhosaurus Dong p. 2174
1996	Diracodon laticeps Bakker p. 44
1997	Stegosaurus Dodson p. 12
1998	Stegosaurus Sereno p. 61
2001	Stegosaurus Blows p. 138
2001	Wuerhosaurus Blows p. 138
2001	Stegosaurus armatus Carpenter and Galton p. 81
2001	Hypsirophus discurus Carpenter et al. p. 55
2001	Wuerhosaurus Carpenter et al. p. 73 fig. 3.14
2004	Stegosaurus Galton and Upchurch p. 345
2004	Stegosaurus armatus Galton and Upchurch p. 345
2004	Wuerhosaurus Galton and Upchurch p. 345
2006	Stegosaurus Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Stegosaurus armatus Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Stegosaurus Maidment et al. p. 951 fig. 8
2006	Hypsirophus discurus Mateus p. 231
2006	Stegosaurus armatus Mateus p. 231
2007	Stegosaurus Escaso et al. p. 158
2007	Stegosaurus armatus Escaso et al. p. 371
2007	Stegosaurus Galton p. 24
2007	Stegosaurus armatus Galton p. 24
2008	Stegosaurus armatus Maidment et al. pp. 377-378
2008	Stegosaurus Maidment et al. p. 390 fig. 11
2009	Stegosaurus Mateus et al.
2009	Stegosaurus armatus Mateus et al.
2010	Stegosaurus armatus Billon-Bruyat et al. p. 147
2010	Stegosaurus armatus Christiansen and Tschopp p. 165
2010	Stegosaurus Mateus and Milàn p. 254
2013	Stegosaurus armatus Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 37
2014	Diracodon Ulansky p. 5
2014	Diracodon laticeps Ulansky p. 5
2014	Hypsirophus Ulansky p. 5
2014	Hypsirophus discurus Ulansky p. 5
2014	Hypsirophus seeleyanus Ulansky p. 5
2014	Stegosaurus Ulansky p. 7
2014	Stegosaurus armatus Ulansky p. 7
2014	Stegosaurus duplex Ulansky p. 7
2014	Wuerhosaurus Ulansky p. 8
2014	Stegosaurus armatus Ulansky p. 20
2018	Wuerhosaurus Tumanova and Alifanov p. 1771

References

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Sauvage H.-E. Recherches sur les reptiles trouvés dans le Gault de l'est du bassin de Paris [Research on the reptiles found in the Gault of the eastern Paris Basin], Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, série 3 2 4, 1-42

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Mateus O. (2006) Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation (USA), the Lourinhã and Alcobaça Formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 36, 223-231

Escaso F., Ortega F., et al (2007) Elementos postcraneales de Dacentrurus (Dinosauria: Stegosauria) del Jurásico Superior de Moçanfaneira (Torres Vedras, Portugal) [Postcranial elements of Dacentrurus (Dinosauria: Stegosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Moçanfaneira (Torres Vedras, Portugal)], In Cantera Paleontológica, Diputación Provincial de Cuenca, Cuenca, Spain, 157-172

Escaso F., Ortega F., et al (2007) New evidence of shared dinosaur across Upper Jurassic proto-North Atlantic: Stegosaurus from Portugal, Naturwissenschaften 94, 367-374

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Maidment S. C. R., Norman D. B., et al (2008) Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 4, 367-407 doi:10.1017/S1477201908002459

Mateus O., Maidment S. C. R., et al (2009) A new long-necked 'sauropod-mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, 1815-1821 doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1909

Billon-Bruyat J.-P., Mazin J.-M., et al (2010) A stegosaur tooth (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous of southwestern France, Swiss Journal of Geosciences 103, 143-153 doi:10.1007/s00015-010-0028-y

Christiansen N. A., Tschopp E. (2010) Exceptional stegosaur integument impressions from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, Swiss Journal of Geosciences 103 2, 163-171 doi:10.1007/s00015-010-0026-0

Mateus O., Milàn J. (2010) A diverse Upper Jurassic dinosaur ichnofauna from central-west Portugal, Lethaia 43, 245-257 doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00190.x

Ruiz-Omeñaca J. I., Pereda Suberbiola X., et al (2013) First evidence of stegosaurs (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) in the Vega Formation, Kimmeridgian, Asturias, N Spain, Geogaceta 53, 37-40

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Amer. J. Sci., (3) 14 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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