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Holmesina

Description

Holmesina is a genus of pampathere, an extinct group of armadillo-like creatures that were distantly related to extant armadillos. Like armadillos, and unlike the other extinct branch of megafaunal cingulates, the glyptodonts, the shell was made up of flexible plates which allowed the animal to move more easily. Holmesina species were herbivores that grazed on coarse vegetation; armadillos are mostly insectivorous or omnivorous.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4830153https://www.gbif.org/species/4830153
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43540https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43540
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cingulata : Dasypodidae : Holmesina
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Pampatheriidae : Holmesina
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AmericatheriaShockey 2017
-Xenarthra
suborderGlyptodontia
infraorderGlyptodontoineiGray 1869
superfamilyGlyptodontoideaGray 1869
familyPampatheriidaePaula Couto 1954
genusHolmesinaSimpson 1930
Scientific NameHolmesina Simpson, 1930
Name Published InSimpson, George G. 1930. Holmesina septentrionalis, extinct giant armadillo of Florida. American Museum Novitates 442: 1-10.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Dasypodidaestated without evidenceSimpson, 1930
Holmesinagenussubjective synonym of Chlamytheriumstated with evidenceJames, 1957
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriinaestated without evidenceKurten and Anderson, 1980
Holmesinagenussubjective synonym of Pampatheriumstated with evidenceCartelle and Bohorquez, 1984
Holmesinagenusbelongs to DasypodidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriidaestated without evidenceDowning and White, 1995
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriidaestated with evidenceEdmund, 1996
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriidaestated without evidenceMcDonald and Naples, 2007
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriidaestated with evidenceRincón et al., 2008
Holmesinagenusbelongs to Pampatheriidaestated without evidenceAlbright et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic
Last Recorded Appearance0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Xenarthra)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)G. G. Simpson. 1930. Holmesina septentrionalis, extinct giant armadillo of Florida. American Museum Novitates 442:1-10
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmesina

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Chlamytherium occidentale
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Glyptodon septentrionalis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
452.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Holmesina cryptae
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Kraglievichia floridanus
species
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
274.90 Ma
Pliocene
1.80 Ma
Pleistocene
Holmesina occidentalis
species
listed (PBDB)32.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Holmesina paulacoutoi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
82.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1930Holmesina Simpson
1955Holmesina Hibbard p. 50
1980Holmesina Kurten and Anderson p. 129
1988Holmesina Carroll
1995Holmesina Downing and White p. 389
1996Holmesina Edmund p. 311
2007Holmesina McDonald and Naples p. 152
2007Holmesina Mead et al. p. 445
2008Holmesina Rincón et al. p. 202
2019Holmesina Albright et al. p. 156

References

Simpson G. G. (1930) Holmesina septentrionalis, extinct giant armadillo of Florida, American Museum Novitates 442, 1-10
Hibbard C. W. (1955) Pleistocene Vertebrates from the Upper Becerra (Becerra Superior) Formation, Valley of Tequixquiac, Mexico, with Notes on Other Pleistocene Forms, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 12 5, 47-96
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Downing K. F., White R. S. (1995) The cingulates (Xenarthra) of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna (Irvingtonian), Hillsborough County, Florida, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37 12, 375-396
Edmund A. G. (1996) A review of Pleistocene giant armadillos, 300-321
McDonald H. G., Naples V. L. (2007) Xenarthra, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 147-160
Mead J. I., Swift S. L., et al (2007) Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) glyptodont and pampathere (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Sonora, Mexico, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 24 3, 439-449
Rincón A. D., White R. S., et al (2008) Late Pleistocene cingulates (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Mene de Inciarte tar pits, Sierra de Perijá, western Venezuela, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 1, 197-207
Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236
Museum Victoria KEmu database (Oct 2006) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 442 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
The Paleobiology Database (2016 version). Available online at www.paleobiodb.org. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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