| Description | Paleoparadoxia ("ancient paradox") is a genus of large, herbivorous aquatic mammals that inhabited the northern Pacific coastal region during the Miocene epoch (20 to 10 million years ago). It ranged from the waters of Japan (Tsuyama and Yanagawa), to Alaska in the north, and down to Baja California, Mexico. Paleoparadoxia was about 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) long.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | genus |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Paleoparadoxiidae : Paleoparadoxia |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostyloidea : Paleoparadoxiidae : Paleoparadoxia |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Scientific Name | Paleoparadoxia Reinhart, 1959 |
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| Name Published In | Univ. Calif. Publs Geol. Sci. 36 |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxidae | stated with evidence | Reinhart, 1959 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Cornwalliidae | stated without evidence | Shikama, 1966 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylia | stated without evidence | Domning et al., 1986 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylidae | implied | Carroll, 1988 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylidae | stated without evidence | Inuzuka et al., 1995 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylia | stated with evidence | Domning, 1996 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylidae | stated without evidence | McKenna and Bell, 1997 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Inuzuka, 2000 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylia | second hand | Sepkoski, 2002 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Saegusa, 2002 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylia | stated with evidence | Domning, 2008 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Hasegawa and Kimura, 2008 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated with evidence | Beatty, 2009 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Boessenecker, 2011 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiinae | stated without evidence | Barnes, 2013 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Desmostylia | stated without evidence | Cooper et al., 2014 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Fukuchi and Suzuki, 2014 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiinae | stated without evidence | Matsui and Kawabe, 2015 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Berta, 2017 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiinae | stated without evidence | Matsui, 2017 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated without evidence | Domning, 2018 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiinae | stated without evidence | Matsui et al., 2018 | | Paleoparadoxia | genus | belongs to Paleoparadoxiidae | stated with evidence | Matsui and Tsuihiji, 2019 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extinct |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 3 |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 23.0 - 20.4 Ma
Miocene |
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| Last Recorded Appearance | 11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene |
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| Environment | coastal (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Diet | herbivore (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Reproduction | viviparous (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Ontogeny | modification of parts (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite (based on Desmostylia) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | R. H. Reinhart. 1959. A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36(1):1-146 |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoparadoxia |
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| Reinhart R. H. (1959) A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36 1, 1-146 |
| Shikama T. (1966) Postcranial skeletons of Japanese Desmostylia, Palaeontological Society of Japan Special Papers 12, 1-202 |
| Domning D. P., Ray C. E., et al (1986) Two new Oligocene desmostylians and a discussion of Tethytherian systematics, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 59, 1-56 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Domning D. P. (1996) Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 80, 1-611 |
| McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640 |
| Inuzuka N. (2000) Primitive late Oligocene desmostylians from Japan and Phylogeny of the Desmostylia, Bulletin of the Ashoro Museum of Paleontology 1, 91-123 |
| Saegusa H. (2002) A partial skeleton of Paleoparadoxia from San-yama, Ogano-cho, Saitama Prefecture, central Japan, Nature and Human Activities 7, 1-25 |
| Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560 |
| Inuzuka N., Sawamura H., et al (2006) Paleoparadoxia and the Nishikurosawa specimen from Oga, Akita, northern Japan, Annual Report of the Akita Prefectural Museum 31, 1-28 |
| Domning D. P., Barnes L. G. (2007) A new name for the 'Stanford Skeleton' of Paleoparadoxia (Mammalia, Desmostylia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 3, 748-751 |
| Domning D. P. (2008) Desmostylia, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume II, 640-645 |
| Hasegawa Y., Kimura T. (2008) On the two large specimens of Paleoparadoxia (Middle Miocene) from Western Gunma Prefecture, Japan, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 12, 15-33 |
| Beatty B. L. (2009) New material of Cornwallius sookensis (Mammalia: Desmostylia) from the Yaquina Formation of Oregon, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 3, 894-909 |
| Boessenecker R. W. (2011) Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California, PaleoBios 30 1, 1-12 |
| Barnes L. G. (2013) A new genus and species of Late Miocene paleoparadoxiid (Mammalia, Desmostylia) from California, Contributions in Science 521, 51-114 |
| Cooper L. N., Seiffert E. R., et al (2014) Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan are stem perissodactyls, PLoS ONE 9 10, e109232:1-15 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232 |
| Fukuchi A., Suzuki S. (2014) Paleoparadoxia from the middle Miocene of Obara, Misaki-cho, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, Okayama University Earth Science Reports 21 1, 7-11 |
| Hasegawa Y., Asami K., et al (2014) On the Early Miocene Paleoparadoxia from the Upper Sankebetsu Formation at Chikubetsu River, Tomamae-gun, north-western Hokaido, Japan, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 18, 69-76 |
| Matsui K., Kawabe S. (2015) The Oldest Record of Paleoparadoxia from the Northwest Pacific with an Implication on the Early Evolution of Paleoparadoxiinae (Mammalia: Desmostylia), Paleontological Research 19 3, 251-265 doi:10.2517/2015PR007 |
| Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198 |
| Matsui K. (2017) How can we reliably identify a taxon based on humeral morphology? Comparative morphology of desmostylian humeri, PeerJ 5, e4011 doi:10.7717/peerj.4011 |
| Matsui K., Kimura Y., et al (2018) A long-forgotten ‘dinosaur’ bone from a museum cabinet, uncovered to be\r\na Japan’s iconic extinct mammal, Paleoparadoxia (Desmostylia, Mammalia), Royal Society Open Science 5, 172441 doi:10.1098/rsos.172441 |
| Matsui K., Tsuihiji T. (2019) The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses, PeerJ 7, e7430 doi:10.7717/peerj.7430 |
| Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Domning, 2010 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Univ. Calif. Publs Geol. Sci. 36 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
Paleoparadoxia ✝
